Particle Systems—a Technique for Modeling a Class of Fuzzy Objects
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Computer rendering of stochastic models
Communications of the ACM
Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages and Computability
Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages and Computability
Developmental Systems and Languages
Developmental Systems and Languages
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Graph-Grammars and Their Application to Computer Science and Biology
A Tutorial and Bibliographical Survey on Graph Grammars
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Graph-Grammars and Their Application to Computer Science and Biology
Introduction to the Algebraic Theory of Graph Grammars (A Survey)
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Graph-Grammars and Their Application to Computer Science and Biology
A morphological study of the form of nature
SIGGRAPH '82 Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The definition and rendering of terrain maps
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Real time design and animation of fractal plants and trees
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Managing geometric complexity with enhanced procedural models
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Generalized stochastic subdivision
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
The Reyes image rendering architecture
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
OOPSLA '87 Conference proceedings on Object-oriented programming systems, languages and applications
Combinatorial analysis of ramified patterns and computer imagery of trees
SIGGRAPH '89 Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Voxel space automata: modeling with stochastic growth processes in voxel space
SIGGRAPH '89 Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Particle animation and rendering using data parallel computation
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Artificial evolution for computer graphics
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Animation of plant development
SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Graphics assignments in discrete mathematics
SIGCSE '93 Proceedings of the twenty-fourth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education
Introduction to the modeling of plants and flowers using string rewriting
ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Advanced modeling techniques for computer graphics
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Graphical information resources: maps and beyond
SIGIR '85 Proceedings of the 8th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Modeling and rendering of outdoor scenes for distributed virtual environments
VRST '97 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Realistic modeling and rendering of plant ecosystems
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Computer-generated floral ornament
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
ACM SIGGRAPH 98 Conference abstracts and applications
Art-based rendering of fur, grass, and trees
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Describing free-form 3D surfaces for animation
I3D '86 Proceedings of the 1986 workshop on Interactive 3D graphics
Visual debugging of visualization software: a case study for particle systems
VIS '99 Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '99: celebrating ten years
Three dimensional tree grammars for the modeling of plants
CSC '88 Proceedings of the 1988 ACM sixteenth annual conference on Computer science
Construction of fractal objects with iterated function systems
SIGGRAPH '85 Proceedings of the 12th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '85 Proceedings of the 12th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Approximate and probabilistic algorithms for shading and rendering structured particle systems
SIGGRAPH '85 Proceedings of the 12th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Art-based rendering with continuous levels of detail
NPAR '00 Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Interactive artistic rendering
NPAR '00 Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Computer-generated pen-and-ink illustration of trees
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '88 Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Harnessing chaos for image synthesis
SIGGRAPH '88 Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Development models of herbaceous plants for computer imagery purposes
SIGGRAPH '88 Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Plant models faithful to botanical structure and development
SIGGRAPH '88 Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Terrain simulation using a model of stream erosion
SIGGRAPH '88 Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
AFRIGRAPH '01 Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Computer graphics, virtual reality and visualisation
Simulation and visualization of fire using extended lindenmayer systems
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Computer graphics, virtual Reality, visualisation and interaction in Africa
A Rule-Based Interactive Behavioral Animation System for Humanoids
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Koch Curves as Attractors and Repellers
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Interactive Animation: A Language and System for Procedural Modeling and Motion
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Geometric Substitution: A Tutorial
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
An L-System-Based Plant Modeling Language
AGTIVE '99 Proceedings of the International Workshop on Applications of Graph Transformations with Industrial Relevance
Modeling Virtual Gardens by Autonomous Procedural Agents
TPCG '03 Proceedings of the Theory and Practice of Computer Graphics 2003
Bounding Recursive Procedural Models Using Convex Optimization
PG '03 Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications
Fast construction of plant architectural models based on substructure decomposition
Journal of Computer Science and Technology
Modelling urban scenes for LBMS
Web3D '05 Proceedings of the tenth international conference on 3D Web technology
Encyclopedia of Computer Science
Exploration of the correspondence between visual and acoustic parameter spaces
NIME '04 Proceedings of the 2004 conference on New interfaces for musical expression
Real-time pen-and-ink illustration of landscapes
Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Constructing a 3D trunk model from two images
Graphical Models
Modeling with rendering primitives: an interactive non-photorealistic canvas
Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Perception of complex aggregates
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
Analytical study of a stochastic plant growth model: Application to the GreenLab model
Mathematics and Computers in Simulation
On hopeful monsters, neutral networks and junk code in evolving L-systems
Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Flow simulations using particles: bridging computer graphics and CFD
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 classes
User Driven Two-Dimensional Computer-Generated Ornamentation
ISVC '08 Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Advances in Visual Computing
Evolving 3d morphology and behavior by competition
Artificial Life
Visual models of morphogenesis
Artificial Life
A declarative specification and semantics for visual languages
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
PRICAI'00 Proceedings of the 6th Pacific Rim international conference on Artificial intelligence
A GPU framework for the visualization and on-the-fly amplification of real terrains
ISVC'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Advances in visual computing - Volume Part I
A flexible framework to personalize 3D web users experience
Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Web 3D Technology
Technical Section: Developmental modelling with SDS
Computers and Graphics
Perception of parameter variations in linear fractal images
AMT'10 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Active media technology
A software tool for generating graphics by means of P systems
Natural Computing: an international journal
Graphical modeling of higher plants using p systems
WMC'06 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Membrane Computing
Incorporating knowledge of secondary structures in a l-system-based encoding for protein folding
EA'05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Artificial Evolution
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
A critical appraisal of the box counting method to assess the fractal dimension of tree crowns
ISVC'06 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Advances in Visual Computing - Volume Part I
Negotiating gestalt: artistic expression by coalition formation between agents
SG'05 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Smart Graphics
Plastic trees: interactive self-adapting botanical tree models
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2012 Conference Proceedings
Evolving 3d morphology and behavior by competition
Artificial Life
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Although fractal models of natural phenomena have received much attention recently, there are other models of complex natural objects which have been around longer in Computer Imagery but are not widely known. These are procedural models of plants and trees. An interesting class of these models is presented here which handles plant growth, sports an efficient data representation, and has a high “database amplification” factor. It is based on an extension of the well-known formal languages of symbol strings to the lesser-known formal languages of labeled graphs. It is so tempting to describe these plant models as “fractal” that the similarities of this class of models with fractal models are explored in an attempt at rapprochement. The models are not fractal so the common parts of fractal theory and plant theory are abstracted to form a class of objects, the graftals. This class may prove to be of great interest to the future of Computer Imagery. Determinism is shown to provide adequate complexity, whereas randomness is only convenient and often inefficient. Finally, a nonfractal, nongraftal family of trees by Bill Reeves is introduced to emphasize some of the paper's nongrammatical themes.