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SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The algorithmic beauty of plants
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Creation and rendering of realistic trees
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Visual models of plants interacting with their environment
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Realistic modeling and rendering of plant ecosystems
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
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Approximate and probabilistic algorithms for shading and rendering structured particle systems
SIGGRAPH '85 Proceedings of the 12th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Information Sciences: an International Journal
OpenGL Programming Guide: The Official Guide to Learning OpenGL, Version 1.2
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Mobile agent evolution computing
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Interactive visualization of complex plant ecosystems
Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '02
breve: a 3D environment for the simulation of decentralized systems and artificial life
ICAL 2003 Proceedings of the eighth international conference on Artificial life
Evolution of behaviors in autonomous robot using artificial neural network and genetic algorithm
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Botanical Tree Image Generation
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Large scale evolutionary optimization using cooperative coevolution
Information Sciences: an International Journal
On model design for simulation of collective intelligence
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Computers & Geosciences
CEC'09 Proceedings of the Eleventh conference on Congress on Evolutionary Computation
Texture as the basis for individual tree identification
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Ensemble of niching algorithms
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Information Sciences: an International Journal
A study on scale factor in distributed differential evolution
Information Sciences: an International Journal
The differential ant-stigmergy algorithm
Information Sciences: an International Journal
A study of evolutionary multiagent models based on symbiosis
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Context-Dependent DNA Coding With Redundancy and Introns
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Biotope: an integrated framework for simulating distributed multiagent computational systems
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
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We propose an environmental framework for simulation and visualization of woody plant forests. A complex application software system develops and animates a spontaneous afforestation process within this environment. The system considers several environmental properties and combines computer animation with artificial life. The main goal of the presented software system is to use it in computer animation for synthesis of natural environments and visual analysis of their natural look credibility. The afforestation process is modeled as an ecosystem simulation, where trees struggle for survival based on several growth factors. A detailed description of the procedures for simulating tree growth and the factors that might influence tree growth is provided. All the tree growth simulation procedures and factors are biologically inspired. They have been defined mathematically in the paper by designing a bottom-up agent model which emerges the artificial tree distribution by mediating to the simulation. A flexible and adaptable procedural 3D model is used to visualize trees. Also, growth of individual trees is animated, from development of branch complexity to per-leaf precision, which allows a very realistic perception of the emerging ecosystem. The visualization of trees is sped up so that the models of trees have progressively lower-details proportional to the distance from a certain point of view. Locations and maturity of visualized trees are obtained from the ecosystem simulation results, and the afforestation process is animated over several centuries. The natural look of the artificial tree distribution is confirmed visually and statistically. Visually, it is confirmed from rendered sequences, and statistically, from graphs of tree species populations. Several patterns emerge permanently, such as the number of trees in the ecosystem simulation increasing exponentially and trees growing in communities.