The algorithmic beauty of plants
The algorithmic beauty of plants
Visual models of plants interacting with their environment
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Interactive modelling and animation of branching botanical structures
Proceedings of the Eurographics workshop on Computer animation and simulation '96
Realistic modeling and rendering of plant ecosystems
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Interactive Modeling of Plants
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Virtual Climbing Plants Competing for Space
CA '02 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Modeling Virtual Ecosystems with the Proactive Guidance of Agents
CASA '03 Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer Animation and Social Agents (CASA 2003)
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
Multiresolution plant models with complex organs
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM international conference on Virtual reality continuum and its applications
Procedural modeling of buildings
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Proceedings of the 2007 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Image-based procedural modeling of facades
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Automatic generation of tourist maps
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
Interactive visual editing of grammars for procedural architecture
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
Interactive procedural street modeling
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
Interactive Reconfiguration of Urban Layouts
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Sketch-based tree modeling using Markov random field
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers
Interactive example-based urban layout synthesis
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Self-organizing tree models for image synthesis
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
Interactive design of urban spaces using geometrical and behavioral modeling
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2009 papers
Modeling and visualization of symmetric and asymmetric plant competition
NPH'05 Proceedings of the First Eurographics conference on Natural Phenomena
Interactive modeling of virtual ecosystems
NPH'09 Proceedings of the Fifth Eurographics conference on Natural Phenomena
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We address the open problem of spatial distribution of vegetation in urban environments by introducing a user-guided simulation and procedural system for integrating plants into the interactive design process of 3D urban models. Our approach uses as input 3D geometry of an urban layout from which it infers initial conditions and parameters of procedural rules. A level of manageability is calculated for each area of the urban space. The manageability level defines the amount of influence between the wild ecosystem simulation, where the plants compete for resources and seed freely, and the managed ecosystem, where nearly no seeding is allowed and the plants grow only under well-defined conditions. The wild ecosystems are handled by a simulation of plant competition for resources, whereas the procedural generation is based on an expandable set of behavioral rules of owners and typical plant management. Our system provides an interactive semi-automatic method to calculate a spatial plant distribution and to create an urban model with plants covering an area of several square kilometers in less than a minute. It provides a high degree of controllability and works tightly with an urban simulation system. We show various examples, such as plant development over time in managed and unmanaged areas, effect of procedural rules on the plant distribution, and the effect of changing the level of manageability and the plant distribution.