Power and Performance Analysis of Motion Estimation Based on Hardware and Software Realizations
IEEE Transactions on Computers
UMHexagonS Algorithm Based Motion Estimation Architecture for H.264/AVC
IWSOC '05 Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on System-on-Chip for Real-Time Applications
Power reduction in an H.264 encoder through algorithmic and logic transformations
Proceedings of the 2006 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Energy-efficient motion estimation using error-tolerance
Proceedings of the 2006 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Low-Power Partial Distortion Sorting Fast Motion Estimation Algorithms and VLSI Implementations
IEICE - Transactions on Information and Systems
An efficient hardware implementation for motion estimation of AVC standard
IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics
Overview of the H.264/AVC video coding standard
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Proceedings of the 14th ACM/IEEE international symposium on Low power electronics and design
A platform for developing adaptable multicore applications
CASES '09 Proceedings of the 2009 international conference on Compilers, architecture, and synthesis for embedded systems
Soft NMR: exploiting statistics for energy-efficiency
SOC'09 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on System-on-chip
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
Low-power adaptive pipelined MPSoCs for multimedia: an H.264 video encoder case study
Proceedings of the 48th Design Automation Conference
Energy-aware complexity adaptation for mobile video calls
MM '11 Proceedings of the 19th ACM international conference on Multimedia
AMBER: adaptive energy management for on-chip hybrid video memories
Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
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The limitation of energy in portable communication/entertainment devices necessitates the reduction of video encoding complexity. The H.264/AVC video coding standard is one of the latest video codecs and features a complex Motion Estimation scheme that accounts for a major part of the encoder energy [2]. We therefore present a power-aware Motion Estimator for H.264 that adapts at run time according to the available energy level. We perform a set of adaptations at different Processing Stages of Motion Estimation. Our results show that in case of CIF videos (typically used in portable devices; but our approach is equally applicable to other video resolutions too), we achieve an average energy reduction of 52 times and 27 times as compared to UMHexagonS [12] and EPZS [14] respectively. This energy saving comes at the cost of an average loss of only 0.39 dB in Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR: an objective quality measure) and 23% increase in area (synthesized for 90nm technology).