The media equation: how people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places
An experiment on public speaking anxiety in response to three different types of virtual audience
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Effects of Sensory Information and Prior Experience on Direct Subjective Ratings of Presence
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Affect and Emotion in Human-Computer Interaction
Computational Affective Sociology
Affect and Emotion in Human-Computer Interaction
Comparing Two Emotion Models for Deriving Affective States from Physiological Data
Affect and Emotion in Human-Computer Interaction
Consideration of Multiple Components of Emotions in Human-Technology Interaction
Affect and Emotion in Human-Computer Interaction
Affect and Emotion in Human-Computer Interaction
Beyond Task Completion in the Workplace: Execute, Engage, Evolve, Expand
Affect and Emotion in Human-Computer Interaction
Simulated Emotion in Affective Embodied Agents
Affect and Emotion in Human-Computer Interaction
Affective Human-Robotic Interaction
Affect and Emotion in Human-Computer Interaction
In the Moodie: Using `Affective Widgets' to Help Contact Centre Advisors Fight Stress
Affect and Emotion in Human-Computer Interaction
Acoustic Emotion Recognition for Affective Computer Gaming
Affect and Emotion in Human-Computer Interaction
In the Mood: Tagging Music with Affects
Affect and Emotion in Human-Computer Interaction
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Interpreting and responding to affective states of a user is crucial for future intelligent systems. Until recently, the role of sound in affective responses has been frequently ignored. This article provides a brief overview of the research targeting affective reactions to everyday, ecological sounds. This research shows that the subjective interpretation and meaning that listeners attribute to sound, the spatial dimension, or the interactions with other sensory modalities, are as important as the physical properties of sound in evoking an affective response. Situation appraisal and individual differences are also discussed as factors influencing the emotional reactions to auditory stimuli. A study with heartbeat sounds exemplifies some of the introduced ideas and research methodologies, and shows the potential of sound in inducing emotional states.