Finding Kairos in Quitting Smoking: Smokers' Perceptions of Warning Pictures

Authors:
Teppo Räisänen;Harri Oinas-Kukkonen;Seppo Pahnila
Affiliations:
Department of Information Processing Science, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland FI-90570 and Persuasive Technology Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, USA;Department of Information Processing Science, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland FI-90570 and Persuasive Technology Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, USA;Department of Information Processing Science, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland FI-90570
Venue:
PERSUASIVE '08 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Persuasive Technology
Year:
2008

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Abstract

This paper studies Kairos, i.e. the opportune moment to persuade, through a smoking cessation experiment. We approached 101 people, comprising of 81 smokers and 20 non-smokers, on the streets of Palo Alto, California. The participants were shown five warning pictures related to the dangers of smoking as well as a control picture. The people rated each picture based upon how strongly they felt they were affected by the pictures. The results indicate that the opportune moment to show these pictures is not when the people already are smoking but rather much earlier. Quite interestingly, the affect of this intervention was stronger on women than men. The fact that the opportune moment seems to vary between individuals complicates the design of applications leveraging Kairos to a great extent.