A test of a common elements theory of transfer
CHI '86 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
SOAR: an architecture for general intelligence
Artificial Intelligence
A quantitative theory of human-computer interaction
Interfacing thought: cognitive aspects of human-computer interaction
Predicting the time to recall computer command abbreviations
CHI '87 Proceedings of the SIGCHI/GI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems and Graphics Interface
Plans and situated actions: the problem of human-machine communication
Plans and situated actions: the problem of human-machine communication
Automatic design of graphical presentations
Automatic design of graphical presentations
Choosing between methods: analysing the user's decision space in terms of schemas and linear models
CHI '88 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The structure of command languages: an experiment on task-action grammar
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
Cumulating the science of HCI: from s-R compatibility to transcription typing
CHI '89 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Skilled financial planning: the cost of translating ideas into action
CHI '89 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Understanding user errors in database query
Understanding user errors in database query
A quantitative model of the learning and performance of text editing knowledge
CHI '85 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A theory of stimulus-response compatibility applied to human-computer interaction
CHI '85 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The keystroke-level model for user performance time with interactive systems
Communications of the ACM
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
How interface design determines Who has difficulty learning to use a text editor
CHI '83 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Contributions to engineering models of human-computer interaction. (volumes i and ii)
Contributions to engineering models of human-computer interaction. (volumes i and ii)
Computerized financial planning: discovering cognitive difficulties in model building
Computerized financial planning: discovering cognitive difficulties in model building
Human Problem Solving
Formal Grammar and Human Factors Design of an Interactive Graphics System
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
CHI '90 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Multi-user interface for group ranking: user-centered analysis
COCS '93 Proceedings of the conference on Organizational computing systems
Improving SMS Usability Using Bayesian Networks
SETN '02 Proceedings of the Second Hellenic Conference on AI: Methods and Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Human-computer interaction design with multi-goal facilities layout model
Computers & Mathematics with Applications
Irreversibility and forceback in public interfaces
Proceedings of the 5th Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction: building bridges
Estimating Productivity: Composite Operators for Keystroke Level Modeling
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Part I: New Trends
A technique for evaluating shared workspaces efficiency
CSCWD'06 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Computer supported cooperative work in design III
Design ideas for IT in public spaces
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
A model of novice and expert navigation performance in constrained-input interfaces
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Crucial web usability factors of 36 industries for students: a large-scale empirical study
Electronic Commerce Research
A GOMS model for keyboard navigation in web pages and web applications
ICCHP'06 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs
New requirements for modelling how humans succeed and fail in complex traffic scenarios
HESSD'09 Proceedings of the 7th FIP WG 13.5 international conference on Human Error, Safety and Systems Development
Empirical validation of a usability inspection method for model-driven Web development
Journal of Systems and Software
Effortless tool-based evaluation of web form filling tasks using keystroke level model and fitts law
CHI '13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A case for human-driven software development
Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Software Engineering
A new behavioral measure of cognitive flexibility
EPCE'13 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics: understanding human cognition - Volume Part I
Hi-index | 0.02 |
The purpose of this article is to review where we stand with regard to modeling the kind of cognition involved in human-computer interaction. Card, Moran, and Newell's pioneering work on cognitive engineering models and explicit analyses of the knowledge people need to perform a procedure was a significant advance from the kind of modeling cognitive psychology offered at the time. Since then, coordinated bodies of research have both confirmed the basic set of parameters and advanced the number of parameters that account for the time of certain component activities. Formal modeling in grammars and production systems has provided an account for error production in some cases, as well as a basis for calculating how long a system will take to learn and how much savings there is from previous learning. Recently, we were given a new tool for modeling nonsequential component processes, adapting the "critical path analysis" from engineering to the specification of interacting processes and their consequent durations. Though these advances have helped, there are still significant gaps in our understanding of the whole process of interacting with computers. The cumulative nature of this empirical body and its associated modeling framework has further highlighted important issues central to research in cognitive psychology: how people move smoothly between skilled performance and problem solving, how people learn, how to design for consistent user interfaces, how people produce and manage errors, how we interpret visual displays for meaning, and what processes run concurrently and which depend on the completion of prior processes. In the bigger picture, cognitive modeling is a method that is useful in both initial design (it can narrow the design space and provide early analyses of design alternatives), evaluation, and training. But it does not extend to broader aspects of the context in which people use computers, partly because there are significant gaps in contemporary cognitive theory to inform the modeling and partly because it is the wrong form of model for certain kinds of more global questions in human-computer interaction. Notably, it fails to capture the user's fatigue, individual differences, or mental workload. And it is not the type of model that will aid the designer in designating the set of functions the software ought to contain, to assess the user's judgment of the acceptability of the software, or the change that could be expected in work life and the organization in which this work and person fits. Clearly, these kinds of considerations require modeling and tools of a different granularity and form.