Dynamic construction of animated help from application context
UIST '88 Proceedings of the 1st annual ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on User Interface Software
Help by guided tasks: utilizing UIMS knowledge
CHI '90 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
CHI '90 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
Automatic generation of context-sensitive animated help
Automatic generation of context-sensitive animated help
Creating dynamic interaction techniques by demonstration
CHI '87 Proceedings of the SIGCHI/GI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems and Graphics Interface
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
Diagrams '00 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Theory and Application of Diagrams
Evaluating Subject Matter Experts' Learning and Use of an ITS Authoring Tool
ITS '98 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Making the abstract concrete: Visualizing mathematical solution procedures
Computers in Human Behavior
ToolClips: an investigation of contextual video assistance for functionality understanding
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The effect of motion in graphical user interfaces
SG'03 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Smart graphics
An empirical evaluation of multi-media based learning of a procedural task
Computers in Human Behavior
On line elaboration of a mental model during the understanding of an animation
Diagrams'06 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Diagrammatic Representation and Inference
MixT: automatic generation of step-by-step mixed media tutorials
CHI '12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Understanding dynamic and static displays: using images to reason dynamically
Cognitive Systems Research
MixT: automatic generation of step-by-step mixed media tutorials
Proceedings of the 25th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Community enhanced tutorials: improving tutorials with multiple demonstrations
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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Animated demonstrations display the execution of interface procedures. They appear to be a natural and fast way for users to learn direct-manipulation interfaces by watching. To assess their effectiveness for users learning HyperCard™, we compared carefully matched animated demonstrations, procedural textual instructions, and demonstrations combined with spoken procedural text. During training, demonstration users were faster and more accurate than text-only users. Without the instructions, 7 days later, text-only users were faster and as accurate as demonstration users in recalling and performing identical and similar tasks without the instructions. Surprisingly, users of the combined demonstrations with spoken text closely mirrored the results of the demonstration-only users. The poor retention and transfer for the demonstration users appeared to be due to mimicry of the demonstrated procedures. Even with accompanying spoken text, the simplicity of using animated demonstrations may encourage superficial processing and disregard for the procedural text.