An algorithm for drawing general undirected graphs
Information Processing Letters
Graph drawing by force-directed placement
Software—Practice & Experience
An open graph visualization system and its applications to software engineering
Software—Practice & Experience - Special issue on discrete algorithm engineering
Managing Networks Through a Virtual World
IEEE Parallel & Distributed Technology: Systems & Technology
Graph Visualization and Navigation in Information Visualization: A Survey
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Finding the Best Viewpoints for Three-Dimensional Graph Drawings
GD '97 Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Graph Drawing
GraphXML - An XML-Based Graph Description Format
GD '00 Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Graph Drawing
OntoRama: Browsing RDF Ontologies Using a Hyperbolic-Style Browser
CW '02 Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Cyber Worlds (CW'02)
VR '03 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality 2003
H3: laying out large directed graphs in 3D hyperbolic space
INFOVIS '97 Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis '97)
Visualization of Semantic Metadata and Ontologies
IV '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information Visualization
Croquet: A Menagerie of New User Interfaces
C5 '04 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Creating, Connecting and Collaborating through Computing
Semantic description of 3D environments: a proposal based on web standards
Proceedings of the eleventh international conference on 3D web technology
OntoSphere3D: A Multidimensional Visualization Tool for Ontologies
DEXA '06 Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications
Exhibit: lightweight structured data publishing
Proceedings of the 16th international conference on World Wide Web
Social Networks and the Semantic Web (Semantic Web and Beyond)
Social Networks and the Semantic Web (Semantic Web and Beyond)
Visual community detection: an evaluation of 2d, 3d perspective and 3d stereoscopic displays
GD'11 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Graph Drawing
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2013
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We present Redgraph, the first generic virtual reality visualization program for Semantic Web data. Redgraph is capable of handling large data-sets, as we demonstrate on social network data from the U.S. Patent Trade Office. We develop a Semantic Web vocabulary of virtual reality terms compatible with GraphXML to map graph visualization into the Semantic Web itself. Our approach to visualizing Semantic Web data takes advantage of user-interaction in an immersive environment to bypass a number of difficult issues in 3-dimensional graph visualization layout by relying on users themselves to interactively extrude the nodes and links of a 2-dimensional graph into the third dimension. When users touch nodes in the virtual reality environment, they retrieve data formatted according to the data's schema or ontology. We applied Redgraph to social network data constructed from patents, inventors, and institutions from the United States Patent and Trademark Office in order to explore networks of innovation in computing. Using this data-set, results of a user study comparing extrusion (3-D) vs. no-extrusion (2-D) are presented. The study showed the use of a 3-D interface by subjects led to significant improvement on answering of fine-grained questions about the data-set, but no significant difference was found for broad questions about the overall structure of the data. Furthermore, inference can be used to improve the visualization, as demonstrated with a data-set of biotechnology patents and researchers.