Cycle-accurate energy consumption measurement and analysis: case study of ARM7TDMI
ISLPED '00 Proceedings of the 2000 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
PASTE '01 Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGPLAN-SIGSOFT workshop on Program analysis for software tools and engineering
Run-time power estimation in high performance microprocessors
ISLPED '01 Proceedings of the 2001 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Low-power color TFT LCD display for hand-held embedded systems
Proceedings of the 2002 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
The benefits of event: driven energy accounting in power-sensitive systems
EW 9 Proceedings of the 9th workshop on ACM SIGOPS European workshop: beyond the PC: new challenges for the operating system
Low-energy off-chip SDRAM memory systems for embedded applications
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
PowerScope: A Tool for Profiling the Energy Usage of Mobile Applications
WMCSA '99 Proceedings of the Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computer Systems and Applications
Power prediction for intel XScale® processors using performance monitoring unit events
ISLPED '05 Proceedings of the 2005 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Runtime identification of microprocessor energy saving opportunities
ISLPED '05 Proceedings of the 2005 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
A run-time, feedback-based energy estimation model For embedded devices
CODES+ISSS '06 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Hardware/software codesign and system synthesis
ESL power analysis of embedded processors for temperature and reliability estimations
CODES+ISSS '09 Proceedings of the 7th IEEE/ACM international conference on Hardware/software codesign and system synthesis
Power aware SID-based simulator for embedded multicore DSP subsystems
CODES/ISSS '10 Proceedings of the eighth IEEE/ACM/IFIP international conference on Hardware/software codesign and system synthesis
Power monitoring for mixed-criticality on a many-core platform
ARCS'13 Proceedings of the 26th international conference on Architecture of Computing Systems
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In this paper we propose an on-chip bus PMU which makes accurate estimates of system power consumption from a first-order linear power model by utilizing system-level activity information exchanged on the on-chip bus. It can easily be customized for different on-chip and off-chip memory devices, and is not dependent on a specific CPU core. We model memory devices using energy state machines, describe them in XML, and use that description automatic synthesis of the PMU. We compare the short-term accuracy of the proposed PMU with a cycle-accurate system-level power estimator, and assess its long-term accuracy with a real hardware prototype. Experimental results show that the the power estimation deviates less than 5% from real measurements.