Web site usability: a designer's guide
Web site usability: a designer's guide
Identifying fixations and saccades in eye-tracking protocols
ETRA '00 Proceedings of the 2000 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Usability Engineering
A Practical Guide to Usability Testing
A Practical Guide to Usability Testing
The human-computer interaction handbook
Evaluating usability methods: why the current literature fails the practitioner
interactions - The digital muse: HCI in support of creativity
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The validity of the stimulated retrospective think-aloud method as measured by eye tracking
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
What do usability evaluators do in practice?: an explorative study of think-aloud testing
DIS '06 Proceedings of the 6th conference on Designing Interactive systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the 6th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Extending Boundaries
Layered evaluation of interactive adaptive systems: framework and formative methods
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Think aloud: effects and validity
Proceedings of the 30th ACM international conference on Design of communication
The effect of global instructions on think-aloud testing
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Usability testing of a respiratory interface using computer screen and facial expressions videos
Computers in Biology and Medicine
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Thinking aloud is widely used for usability evaluation. The validity of the method is, however, debatable because it is generally used in a relaxed way that conflicts with the prescriptions of the classic model for obtaining valid verbalisations of thought processes. This study investigates whether participants that think aloud in the classic or relaxed way behave differently compared to performing in silence. Results indicate that whereas classic thinking aloud has little or no effect on behaviour apart from prolonging tasks, relaxed thinking aloud affects behaviour in multiple ways. During relaxed thinking aloud participants took longer to solve tasks, spent a larger part of tasks on general distributed visual behaviour, issued more commands to navigate both within and between the pages of the websites used in the experiment, and experienced higher mental workload. Implications for usability evaluation are discussed.