Low power design challenges for the decade (invited talk)
Proceedings of the 2001 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference
Architecture and CAD for Deep-Submicron FPGAs
Architecture and CAD for Deep-Submicron FPGAs
VPR: A new packing, placement and routing tool for FPGA research
FPL '97 Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Field-Programmable Logic and Applications
Evaluation of low-leakage design techniques for field programmable gate arrays
FPGA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM/SIGDA 12th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Low-power FPGA using pre-defined dual-Vdd/dual-Vt fabrics
FPGA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM/SIGDA 12th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Reducing leakage energy in FPGAs using region-constrained placement
FPGA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM/SIGDA 12th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Design and implementation of the POWER5™ microprocessor
Proceedings of the 41st annual Design Automation Conference
Low-power programmable routing circuitry for FPGAs
Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE/ACM International conference on Computer-aided design
A 90nm low-power FPGA for battery-powered applications
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM/SIGDA 14th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Evaluation of granularity on threshold voltage control in flex power FPGA
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM/SIGDA 14th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Routing track duplication with fine-grained power-gating for FPGA interconnect power reduction
Proceedings of the 2005 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference
Low-power 3D nano/CMOS hybrid dynamically reconfigurable architecture
ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems (JETC)
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This paper describes a new design concept, the Body Bias Voltage Set (BBVS), and presents the effect of the BBVS on static power, operating speed, and area overhead in an FPGA with field-programmable Vth components. A Flex Power FPGA is an FPGA architecture to solve the static power problem by the fine grain field-programmable Vth control method. Since the Vth of transistors for specific circuit blocks in the Flex Power FPGA is chosen from a set of Vth values defined by a BBVS, selection of a particular BBVS is an important design decision. A particular BBVS is chosen by selecting body biases from among several supplied body bias candidates. To select the optimal BBVS, we provide 136 BBVSs and perform a thorough search. In a BBVS of less Vth steps, the deepest reverse body bias for high-Vth transistors does not necessarily result in optimal conditions. A BBVS of 0.0 V and -0.8 V, which requires 1.65 times the original area, utilizes as little as 1/30 of the static power of a conventional FPGA without performance degradation. Use of an aggressive forward body bias voltage such as +0.6 V for lowest-Vth, performance is increased by up to 10%. Another BBVS of +0.6 V, 0.0 V, and -0.8 V reduces static power to 14.06% while maintaining a 10% performance increase, but it requires 2.75-fold area.