Digital integrated circuits: a design perspective
Digital integrated circuits: a design perspective
The design of a low energy FPGA
ISLPED '99 Proceedings of the 1999 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Standby power management for a 0.18μm microprocessor
Proceedings of the 2002 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Design methodology for fine-grained leakage control in MTCMOS
Proceedings of the 2003 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Evaluation of low-leakage design techniques for field programmable gate arrays
FPGA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM/SIGDA 12th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Active leakage power optimization for FPGAs
FPGA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM/SIGDA 12th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Low-power FPGA using pre-defined dual-Vdd/dual-Vt fabrics
FPGA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM/SIGDA 12th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Reducing leakage energy in FPGAs using region-constrained placement
FPGA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM/SIGDA 12th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
FPGA power reduction using configurable dual-Vdd
Proceedings of the 41st annual Design Automation Conference
On the Interaction Between Power-Aware FPGA CAD Algorithms
Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Proceedings of the 42nd annual Design Automation Conference
Low-power programmable routing circuitry for FPGAs
Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE/ACM International conference on Computer-aided design
Methodology for high level estimation of FPGA power consumption
Proceedings of the 2005 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference
GlitchLess: an active glitch minimization technique for FPGAs
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM/SIGDA 15th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Low-power warp processor for power efficient high-performance embedded systems
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe
FPGA Design Automation: A Survey
Foundations and Trends in Electronic Design Automation
TuneFPGA: post-silicon tuning of dual-Vdd FPGAs
Proceedings of the 45th annual Design Automation Conference
On the trade-off between power and flexibility of FPGA clock networks
ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems (TRETS)
New non-volatile memory structures for FPGA architectures
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Architectural enhancements in Stratix-III™ and Stratix-IV™
Proceedings of the ACM/SIGDA international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Optimization of the Body Bias Voltage Set (BBVS) for Flex Power FPGA
IEICE - Transactions on Information and Systems
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES)
Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
Benchmarking and evaluating reconfigurable architectures targeting the mobile domain
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES)
A low-power field-programmable gate array routing fabric
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Energy aware data management on AVR micro controller based systems
ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes
GlitchLess: dynamic power minimization in FPGAs through edge alignment and glitch filtering
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Run-time adaptive energy-aware motion and disparity estimation in multiview video coding
Proceedings of the 48th Design Automation Conference
ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems (TRETS)
Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
Selective instruction set muting for energy-aware adaptive processors
Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
A configurable architecture to limit wakeup current in dynamically-controlled power-gated FPGAs
Proceedings of the ACM/SIGDA international symposium on Field Programmable Gate Arrays
Lightweight implementations of SHA-3 candidates on FPGAs
INDOCRYPT'11 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Cryptology in India
Adaptive power management of on-chip video memory for multiview video coding
Proceedings of the 49th Annual Design Automation Conference
Fully-functional FPGA prototype with fine-grain programmable body biasing
Proceedings of the ACM/SIGDA international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
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Programmable logic devices such as FPGAs are useful for a wide range of applications. However, FPGAs are not commonly used in battery-powered applications because they consume more power than ASICs and lack power management features. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of Pika, a low-power FPGA core targeting battery-powered applications such as those in consumer and automotive markets. Our design uses the Xilinx Spartan-3 low-cost FPGA as a baseline and achieves substantial power savings through a series of power optimizations. The resulting architecture is compatible with existing commercial design tools. The implementation is done in a 90nm triple-oxide CMOS process. Compared to the baseline design, Pika consumes 46% less active power and 99% less standby power. Furthermore, it retains circuit and configuration state during standby mode, and wakes up from standby mode in approximately 100ns.