Technology, Organization, and Structure---A Morphogenetic Approach
Organization Science
Information technology as a change actant in sustainability innovation: Insights from Uppsala
The Journal of Strategic Information Systems
Information Systems Research
Sustainable enterprise interoperability from the Activity Domain Theory perspective
Computers in Industry
Information and Management
Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference
Using Realist Social Theory to Explain Project Outcomes
International Journal of Information Technology Project Management
Artifacts that organize: Delegation in the distributed organization
Information and Organization
Sociomateriality - Taking the wrong turning?
Information and Organization
Theoretical foundations for the study of sociomateriality
Information and Organization
International Journal of Information Systems in the Service Sector
IT-driven identity work: Creating a group identity in a digital environment
Information and Organization
An integrative semiotic framework for information systems: The social, personal and material worlds
Information and Organization
Critical realism in information systems research
MIS Quarterly
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While various theories have been proposed to explain how technology leads to organizational change, in general they have focused either on the technology and ignored the influence of human agency, or on social interaction and ignored the technology. In this paper, we propose a new theory of technology-mediated organizational change that bridges these two extremes. Using grounded theory methodology, we conducted a three-year study of an enterprise system implementation. From the data collected, we identified embeddedness as central to the process of change. When embedded in technology, organizational elements such as routines and roles acquire a material aspect, in addition to the ostensive and performative aspects identified by Feldman and Pentland (2003). Our new theory employs the lens of critical realism because in our view, common constructivist perspectives such as structuration theory or actor network theory have limited our understanding of technology as a mediator of organizational change. Using a critical realist perspective, our theory explains the process of change as a three-stage cycle in which the ostensive, performative, and material aspects of organizational elements interact differently in each stage.