Fragile knowledge and neglected strategies in novice programmers
Papers presented at the first workshop on empirical studies of programmers on Empirical studies of programmers
The transfer of cognitive skill
The transfer of cognitive skill
Using direct manipulation to build algorithm animations by demonstration
CHI '91 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Watch what I do: programming by demonstration
Watch what I do: programming by demonstration
KidSim: programming agents without a programming language
Communications of the ACM
Self-disclosing design tools: a gentle introduction to end-user programming
Proceedings of the 1st conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, & techniques
Graphical representation of programs in a demonstrational visual shell—an empirical evaluation
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Graphical definitions: expanding spreadsheet languages through direct manipulation and gestures
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Making the connection: programming with animated small world
Proceedings of the 5th annual SIGCSE/SIGCUE ITiCSEconference on Innovation and technology in computer science education
Cognitive strategies and looping constructs: an empirical study
Communications of the ACM
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
The Jeliot 2000 program animation system
Computers & Education
Program animation based on the roles of variables
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM symposium on Software visualization
Using HCI Techniques to Design a More Usable Programming System
HCC '02 Proceedings of the IEEE 2002 Symposia on Human Centric Computing Languages and Environments (HCC'02)
An extensible framework for providing dynamic data structure visualizations in a lightweight IDE
Proceedings of the 35th SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education
RAPTOR: a visual programming environment for teaching algorithmic problem solving
Proceedings of the 36th SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education
Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Examining the role of self-regulated learning on introductory programming performance
Proceedings of the first international workshop on Computing education research
VLHCC '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing
Estimating the Numbers of End Users and End User Programmers
VLHCC '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing
VLHCC '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing
Adding procedures and pointers to the ALVIS algorithm visualization software: a preliminary design
SoftVis '06 Proceedings of the 2006 ACM symposium on Software visualization
A methodology for analyzing the temporal evolution of novice programs based on semantic components
Proceedings of the second international workshop on Computing education research
VLHCC '06 Proceedings of the Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
Strategies for accelerating on-line learning of hotkeys
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
An experimental study of the impact of visual semantic feedback on novice programming
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
Direct manipulation interfaces
Human-Computer Interaction
Introduction to Computing and Programming in Python, A Multimedia Approach
Introduction to Computing and Programming in Python, A Multimedia Approach
Empirical studies on programming language stimuli
Software Quality Control
Proceedings of the 42nd ACM technical symposium on Computer science education
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGPLAN workshop on Evaluation and usability of programming languages and tools
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
I can do text analytics!: designing development tools for novice developers
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
An Empirical Investigation into Programming Language Syntax
ACM Transactions on Computing Education (TOCE)
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Novices face many barriers when learning to program a computer, including the need to learn both a new syntax and a model of computation. By constraining syntax and providing concrete visual representations on which to operate, direct manipulation programming environments can potentially lower these barriers. However, what if the ultimate learning goal of the novice is to be able to program in conventional textual languages, as is the case for introductory computer science students? Can direct manipulation programming environments lower the initial barriers to programming, and, at the same time, facilitate positive transfer to textual programming? To address this question, we designed a new direct manipulation programming interface for novices, and conducted an experimental study to compare the programming processes and outcomes promoted by the direct manipulation interface against those promoted by a textual programming interface. We found that the direct manipulation interface promoted significantly better initial programming outcomes, positive transfer to the textual interface, and significant differences in programming processes. Our results show that direct manipulation interfaces can provide novices with a “way in” to traditional textual programming.