SMOTE: synthetic minority over-sampling technique

Authors:
Nitesh V. Chawla;Kevin W. Bowyer;Lawrence O. Hall;W. Philip Kegelmeyer
Affiliations:
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL;Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN;Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL;Biosystems Research Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA
Venue:
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
Year:
2002

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IWANN'11 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Artificial neural networks conference on Advances in computational intelligence - Volume Part I
On the effectiveness of preprocessing methods when dealing with different levels of class imbalance

Knowledge-Based Systems
Evolutionary-based selection of generalized instances for imbalanced classification

Knowledge-Based Systems
Class imbalance methods for translation initiation site recognition in DNA sequences

Knowledge-Based Systems
An automated prompting system for smart environments

ICOST'11 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Toward useful services for elderly and people with disabilities: smart homes and health telematics
Evaluating a semisupervised approach to phishing url identification in a realistic scenario

Proceedings of the 8th Annual Collaboration, Electronic messaging, Anti-Abuse and Spam Conference
Mining competitor relationships from online news: A network-based approach

Electronic Commerce Research and Applications
Text classification for data loss prevention

PETS'11 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Privacy enhancing technologies
Time aware index for link prediction in social networks

DaWaK'11 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Data warehousing and knowledge discovery
Smoothing multinomial naïve bayes in the presence of imbalance

MLDM'11 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Machine learning and data mining in pattern recognition
Exploring synergetic effects of dimensionality reduction and resampling tools on hyperspectral imagery data classification

MLDM'11 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Machine learning and data mining in pattern recognition
Asymmetric Kernel scaling for imbalanced data classification

WILF'11 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Fuzzy logic and applications
Memetic Elitist Pareto Differential Evolution algorithm based Radial Basis Function Networks for classification problems

Applied Soft Computing
Analysis of inconsistencies in cross-lingual automatic ToBI tonal accent labeling

TSD'11 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Text, speech and dialogue
Ensembles of decision trees for imbalanced data

MCS'11 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Multiple classifier systems
Mitotic HEp-2 cells recognition under class skew

ICIAP'11 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Image analysis and processing - Volume Part II
A learning strategy for highly imbalanced classification

Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Internet Multimedia Computing and Service
Clustering based bagging algorithm on imbalanced data sets

IUKM'11 Proceedings of the 2011 international conference on Integrated uncertainty in knowledge modelling and decision making
Dimensionality reduction and classification analysis on the audio section of the SEMAINE database

ACII'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Affective computing and intelligent interaction - Volume Part II
Imbalanced sentiment classification

Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
Toward a combined tool to assist dermatologists in melanoma detection from dermoscopic images of pigmented skin lesions

Pattern Recognition Letters
Dynamic classifier ensemble model for customer classification with imbalanced class distribution

Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
An experimental comparison of classification algorithms for imbalanced credit scoring data sets

Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Remote sensing image classification based on neural network ensemble algorithm

Neurocomputing
Cross-lingual English Spanish tonal accent labeling using decision trees and neural networks

NOLISP'11 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Advances in nonlinear speech processing
C4.5 consolidation process: an alternative to intelligent oversampling methods in class imbalance problems

CAEPIA'11 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Advances in artificial intelligence: spanish association for artificial intelligence
Using model trees and their ensembles for imbalanced data

CAEPIA'11 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Advances in artificial intelligence: spanish association for artificial intelligence
Instance selection for class imbalanced problems by means of selecting instances more than once

CAEPIA'11 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Advances in artificial intelligence: spanish association for artificial intelligence
On-demand numerosity reduction for object learning

Proceedings of the workshop on Internet of Things and Service Platforms
Predictive model for protein function using modular neural approach

ICAPR'05 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Advances in Pattern Recognition - Volume Part I
Automatic annotation of protein functional class from sparse and imbalanced data sets

VDMB'06 Proceedings of the First international conference on Data Mining and Bioinformatics
SPSO: synthetic protein sequence oversampling for imbalanced protein data and remote homology detection

ISBMDA'06 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Biological and Medical Data Analysis
The novelty detection approach for different degrees of class imbalance

ICONIP'06 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Neural Information Processing - Volume Part II
Optimisation and evaluation of random forests for imbalanced datasets

ISMIS'06 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Foundations of Intelligent Systems
Face detection using kernel PCA and imbalanced SVM

ICNC'06 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Advances in Natural Computation - Volume Part I
Experiments with SVM and stratified sampling with an imbalanced problem: detection of intestinal contractions

ICAPR'05 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis - Volume Part II
Improving on bagging with input smearing

PAKDD'06 Proceedings of the 10th Pacific-Asia conference on Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining
Boosting prediction accuracy on imbalanced datasets with SVM ensembles

PAKDD'06 Proceedings of the 10th Pacific-Asia conference on Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining
FISA: feature-based instance selection for imbalanced text classification

PAKDD'06 Proceedings of the 10th Pacific-Asia conference on Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining
Neighbor line-based locally linear embedding

PAKDD'06 Proceedings of the 10th Pacific-Asia conference on Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining
Many are better than one: improving probabilistic estimates from decision trees

MLCW'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Machine Learning Challenges: evaluating Predictive Uncertainty Visual Object Classification, and Recognizing Textual Entailment
An imbalanced data rule learner

PKDD'05 Proceedings of the 9th European conference on Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases
Identification of intestinal motility events of capsule endoscopy video analysis

ACIVS'05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems
Two-Class SVM trees (2-SVMT) for biomarker data analysis

ISNN'06 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Advances in Neural Networks - Volume Part III
ANN vs. SVM: Which one performs better in classification of MCCs in mammogram imaging

Knowledge-Based Systems
Optimizing airline passenger prescreening systems with Bayesian decision models

Computers and Operations Research
Multi-objective hybrid evolutionary algorithms for radial basis function neural network design

Knowledge-Based Systems
The class imbalance problem in TLC image classification

ICIAR'06 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Image Analysis and Recognition - Volume Part II
Predicting high-risk program modules by selecting the right software measurements

Software Quality Control
Hellinger distance decision trees are robust and skew-insensitive

Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
Parallel perceptrons, activation margins and imbalanced training set pruning

IbPRIA'05 Proceedings of the Second Iberian conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis - Volume Part II
A Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic based segmentation approach to learning from imbalanced datasets: With application in property refinance prediction

Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Ensemble learning with biased classifiers: the Triskel algorithm

MCS'05 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Multiple Classifier Systems
Borderline-SMOTE: a new over-sampling method in imbalanced data sets learning

ICIC'05 Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Advances in Intelligent Computing - Volume Part I
Balancing strategies and class overlapping

IDA'05 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Advances in Intelligent Data Analysis
Analysis of preprocessing vs. cost-sensitive learning for imbalanced classification. Open problems on intrinsic data characteristics

Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Generating diverse ensembles to counter the problem of class imbalance

PAKDD'10 Proceedings of the 14th Pacific-Asia conference on Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining - Volume Part II
Machine learning techniques and mammographic risk assessment

IWDM'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Digital Mammography
Integrating binding site predictions using non-linear classification methods

Proceedings of the First international conference on Deterministic and Statistical Methods in Machine Learning
Research article: Using ensemble methods to deal with imbalanced data in predicting protein-protein interactions

Computational Biology and Chemistry
Improved response modeling based on clustering, under-sampling, and ensemble

Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Using a boosted tree classifier for text segmentation in hand-annotated documents

Pattern Recognition Letters
Relay boost fusion for learning rare concepts in multimedia

CIVR'06 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Image and Video Retrieval
EUS SVMs: ensemble of under-sampled SVMs for data imbalance problems

ICONIP'06 Proceedings of the 13 international conference on Neural Information Processing - Volume Part I
Clustering distributed data streams in peer-to-peer environments

Information Sciences: an International Journal
Predicting the need for CT imaging in children with minor head injury using an ensemble of Naive Bayes classifiers

Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
z-SVM: an SVM for improved classification of imbalanced data

AI'06 Proceedings of the 19th Australian joint conference on Artificial Intelligence: advances in Artificial Intelligence
Incremental learning of new classes in unbalanced datasets: Learn++.UDNC

MCS'10 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Multiple Classifier Systems
A novel synthetic minority oversampling technique for imbalanced data set learning

ICONIP'11 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Neural Information Processing - Volume Part II
Combined effects of class imbalance and class overlap on instance-based classification

IDEAL'06 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning
A proposal of evolutionary prototype selection for class imbalance problems

IDEAL'06 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning
Preprocessing unbalanced data using support vector machine

Decision Support Systems
Nearest-neighbor-based approach to time-series classification

Decision Support Systems
Handling concept drift via ensemble and class distribution estimation technique

ADMA'11 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Advanced Data Mining and Applications - Volume Part II
A new over-sampling approach: Random-SMOTE for learning from imbalanced data sets

KSEM'11 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management
A measure oriented training scheme for imbalanced classification problems

PAKDD'11 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on New Frontiers in Applied Data Mining
An empirical study of bagging predictors for imbalanced data with different levels of class distribution

AI'11 Proceedings of the 24th international conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence
A normal distribution-based over-sampling approach to imbalanced data classification

ADMA'11 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Advanced Data Mining and Applications - Volume Part I
Mixed-sampling approach to unbalanced data distributions: a case study involving Leukemia's document profiling

WSEAS Transactions on Information Science and Applications
DBSMOTE: Density-Based Synthetic Minority Over-sampling TEchnique

Applied Intelligence
Improving the prediction accuracy of liver disorder disease with oversampling

AMERICAN-MATH'12/CEA'12 Proceedings of the 6th WSEAS international conference on Computer Engineering and Applications, and Proceedings of the 2012 American conference on Applied Mathematics
Classification of emotional speech using 3DEC hierarchical classifier

Speech Communication
Editorial: Large scale instance selection by means of federal instance selection

Data & Knowledge Engineering
Inverse random under sampling for class imbalance problem and its application to multi-label classification

Pattern Recognition
Neural network ensembles to determine growth multi-classes in predictive microbiology

HAIS'12 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Hybrid Artificial Intelligent Systems - Volume Part II
Improving transcription factor binding site predictions by using randomised negative examples

IPCAT'12 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Information Processing in Cells and Tissues
Prediction of liquefaction potential based on CPT up-sampling

Computers & Geosciences
Learning SVM with weighted maximum margin criterion for classification of imbalanced data

Mathematical and Computer Modelling: An International Journal
Semi-supervised learning for imbalanced sentiment classification

IJCAI'11 Proceedings of the Twenty-Second international joint conference on Artificial Intelligence - Volume Volume Three
A combined SMOTE and PSO based RBF classifier for two-class imbalanced problems

Neurocomputing
Building decision trees for the multi-class imbalance problem

PAKDD'12 Proceedings of the 16th Pacific-Asia conference on Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining - Volume Part I
Foundation of mining class-imbalanced data

PAKDD'12 Proceedings of the 16th Pacific-Asia conference on Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining - Volume Part I
A double-ensemble approach for classifying skewed data streams

PAKDD'12 Proceedings of the 16th Pacific-Asia conference on Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining - Volume Part I
Generating balanced classifier-independent training samples from unlabeled data

PAKDD'12 Proceedings of the 16th Pacific-Asia conference on Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining - Volume Part I
A pruning-based approach for searching precise and generalized region for synthetic minority over-sampling

PAKDD'12 Proceedings of the 16th Pacific-Asia conference on Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining - Volume Part II
Computational intelligence for microarray data and biomedical image analysis for the early diagnosis of breast cancer

Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Towards improving automatic image annotation using improvised fractal SMOTE approach

Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics
Increasing the effectiveness of associative classification in terms of class imbalance by using a novel pruning algorithm

Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Automatic categorisation of comments in social news websites

Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Layered security architecture for masquerade attack detection

DBSec'12 Proceedings of the 26th Annual IFIP WG 11.3 conference on Data and Applications Security and Privacy
Evaluation of the importance of data pre-processing order when combining feature selection and data sampling

International Journal of Business Intelligence and Data Mining
Exploratory class-imbalanced and non-identical data distribution in automatic keyphrase extraction

ISNN'12 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Advances in Neural Networks - Volume Part II
Learning from Skewed Class Multi-relational Databases

Fundamenta Informaticae - Progress on Multi-Relational Data Mining
A modified back-propagation algorithm to deal with severe two-class imbalance problems on neural networks

MCPR'12 Proceedings of the 4th Mexican conference on Pattern Recognition
Incremental 3d reconstruction using bayesian learning

IEA/AIE'12 Proceedings of the 25th international conference on Industrial Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems: advanced research in applied artificial intelligence
Rough Sets for Handling Imbalanced Data: Combining Filtering and Rule-based Classifiers

Fundamenta Informaticae - SPECIAL ISSUE ON CONCURRENCY SPECIFICATION AND PROGRAMMING (CS&P 2005) Ruciane-Nide, Poland, 28-30 September 2005
Multi-selection of instances: A straightforward way to improve evolutionary instance selection

Applied Soft Computing
An integrated framework for human activity classification

Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Conference on Ubiquitous Computing
An integrated framework for human activity recognition

Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Conference on Ubiquitous Computing
Speaker state recognition using an HMM-based feature extraction method

Computer Speech and Language
Classifier Ensemble for Imbalanced Data Stream Classification

Proceedings of the CUBE International Information Technology Conference
Detecting ECG abnormalities via transductive transfer learning

Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Biomedicine
An Empirical Investigation of Filter Attribute Selection Techniques for High-Speed Network Traffic Flow Classification

Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
Using artificial intelligence to predict surface roughness in deep drilling of steel components

Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing
BRACID: a comprehensive approach to learning rules from imbalanced data

Journal of Intelligent Information Systems
PUCK: an automated prompting system for smart environments: toward achieving automated prompting--challenges involved

Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
DBFS: An effective Density Based Feature Selection scheme for small sample size and high dimensional imbalanced data sets

Data & Knowledge Engineering
Synthetic pattern generation for imbalanced learning in image retrieval

Pattern Recognition Letters
Prediction of flavin mono-nucleotide binding sites using modified PSSM profile and ensemble support vector machine

Computers in Biology and Medicine
ACOSampling: An ant colony optimization-based undersampling method for classifying imbalanced DNA microarray data

Neurocomputing
iSampling: framework for developing sampling methods considering user's interest

Proceedings of the 21st ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
An efficient and simple under-sampling technique for imbalanced time series classification

Proceedings of the 21st ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
Machine Learning Methods For Detecting Patterns Of Management Fraud

Computational Intelligence
Identifying well-formed biomedical phrases in MEDLINE® text

Journal of Biomedical Informatics
Sample cutting method for imbalanced text sentiment classification based on BRC

Knowledge-Based Systems
Churn prediction in telecom using Random Forest and PSO based data balancing in combination with various feature selection strategies

Computers and Electrical Engineering
Using a support vector machine and sampling to classify compounds as potential transdermal enhancers

ICANN'12 Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning - Volume Part II
A hierarchical genetic fuzzy system based on genetic programming for addressing classification with highly imbalanced and borderline data-sets

Knowledge-Based Systems
Multiple extreme learning machines for a two-class imbalance corporate life cycle prediction

Knowledge-Based Systems
Assessing researcher interdisciplinarity: a case study of the University of Hawaii NASA Astrobiology Institute

Scientometrics
Emotional sentence identification in a story

Proceedings of the Workshop at SIGGRAPH Asia
Over-Sampling from an auxiliary domain

ICONIP'12 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Neural Information Processing - Volume Part I
SNEOM: a sanger network based extended over-sampling method. application to imbalanced biomedical datasets

ICONIP'12 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Neural Information Processing - Volume Part IV
Oversampling methods for classification of imbalanced breast cancer malignancy data

ICCVG'12 Proceedings of the 2012 international conference on Computer Vision and Graphics
Polichotomies on imbalanced domains by one-per-class compensated reconstruction rule

SSPR'12/SPR'12 Proceedings of the 2012 Joint IAPR international conference on Structural, Syntactic, and Statistical Pattern Recognition
Improving risk predictions by preprocessing imbalanced credit data

ICONIP'12 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Neural Information Processing - Volume Part II
A hybrid method to face class overlap and class imbalance on neural networks and multi-class scenarios

Pattern Recognition Letters
Ten recent trends in computational paralinguistics

COST'11 Proceedings of the 2011 international conference on Cognitive Behavioural Systems
The design of polynomial function-based neural network predictors for detection of software defects

Information Sciences: an International Journal
The user side of sustainability: Modeling behavior and energy usage in the home

Pervasive and Mobile Computing
Predicting shellfish farm closures with class balancing methods

AI'12 Proceedings of the 25th Australasian joint conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence
A comparative study of sampling methods and algorithms for imbalanced time series classification

AI'12 Proceedings of the 25th Australasian joint conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence
Improving protein-ATP binding residues prediction by boosting SVMs with random under-sampling

Neurocomputing
Performance of corporate bankruptcy prediction models on imbalanced dataset: The effect of sampling methods

Knowledge-Based Systems
A meta-learning approach for determining the number of clusters with consideration of nearest neighbors

Information Sciences: an International Journal
Analysing the classification of imbalanced data-sets with multiple classes: Binarization techniques and ad-hoc approaches

Knowledge-Based Systems
Cost-Sensitive Learning via Priority Sampling to Improve the Return on Marketing and CRM Investment

Journal of Management Information Systems
An ontology enhanced parallel SVM for scalable spam filter training

Neurocomputing
Predicting student failure at school using genetic programming and different data mining approaches with high dimensional and imbalanced data

Applied Intelligence
Densifying Distance Spaces for Shape and Image Retrieval

Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision
Human activity recognition in indoor environments by means of fusing information extracted from intensity of WiFi signal and accelerations

Information Sciences: an International Journal
Identity verification based on handwritten signatures with haptic information using genetic programming

ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP)
Transfer joint embedding for cross-domain named entity recognition

ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
A new framework for optimal classifier design

Pattern Recognition
An empirical study of learning from imbalanced data

ADC '11 Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Australasian Database Conference - Volume 115
A vector-valued support vector machine model for multiclass problem

Information Sciences: an International Journal
Manipulation of Training Sets for Improving Data Mining Coverage-Driven Verification

Journal of Electronic Testing: Theory and Applications
Finding the needle: A risk-based ranking of product listings at online auction sites for non-delivery fraud prediction

Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Memetic multiobjective particle swarm optimization-based radial basis function network for classification problems

Information Sciences: an International Journal
Prediction of body mass index status from voice signals based on machine learning for automated medical applications

Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Empirical study of bagging predictors on medical data

AusDM '11 Proceedings of the Ninth Australasian Data Mining Conference - Volume 121
Novel classifier scheme for imbalanced problems

Pattern Recognition Letters
An integrated framework for optimizing automatic monitoring systems in large IT infrastructures

Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
Ensemble learning for generalised eigenvalues proximal support vector machines

International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology
Handling imbalanced data sets with synthetic boundary data generation using bootstrap re-sampling and AdaBoost techniques

Pattern Recognition Letters
A model-based back-end for air quality data management

Proceedings of the 2013 ACM conference on Pervasive and ubiquitous computing adjunct publication
Using social network knowledge for detecting spider constructions in social security fraud

Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining
A cost-sensitive decision tree approach for fraud detection

Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Bayesian mixed-effects inference on classification performance in hierarchical data sets

The Journal of Machine Learning Research
An Ensemble Model for Mobile Device based Arrhythmia Detection

Proceedings of the International Conference on Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Biomedical Informatics
EUSBoost: Enhancing ensembles for highly imbalanced data-sets by evolutionary undersampling

Pattern Recognition
Certainty-based active learning for sampling imbalanced datasets

Neurocomputing
Classification and outlier detection based on topic based pattern synthesis

MLDM'13 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Machine Learning and Data Mining in Pattern Recognition
Evaluation of sampling methods for learning from imbalanced data

ICIC'13 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent Computing Theories
Mining Data Streams with Skewed Distribution based on Ensemble Method

International Journal of Advanced Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing
Editorial: Parameter-free classification in multi-class imbalanced data sets

Data & Knowledge Engineering
A critical assessment of imbalanced class distribution problem: The case of predicting freshmen student attrition

Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Class imbalance and the curse of minority hubs

Knowledge-Based Systems
Variance inflation in high dimensional Support Vector Machines

Pattern Recognition Letters
Predicting human strategic decisions using facial expressions

IJCAI'13 Proceedings of the Twenty-Third international joint conference on Artificial Intelligence
Who will retweet this?: Automatically Identifying and Engaging Strangers on Twitter to Spread Information

Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Intelligent User Interfaces
Training and assessing classification rules with imbalanced data

Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
Addressing imbalanced classification with instance generation techniques: IPADE-ID

Neurocomputing
Boosted SVM for extracting rules from imbalanced data in application to prediction of the post-operative life expectancy in the lung cancer patients

Applied Soft Computing
Cost-sensitive decision tree ensembles for effective imbalanced classification

Applied Soft Computing
On the importance of the validation technique for classification with imbalanced datasets: Addressing covariate shift when data is skewed

Information Sciences: an International Journal
iKernel: Exact indexing for support vector machines

Information Sciences: an International Journal
Adjusted F-measure and kernel scaling for imbalanced data learning

Information Sciences: an International Journal
An empirical study of the classification performance of learners on imbalanced and noisy software quality data

Information Sciences: an International Journal
Medium-term speaker states-A review on intoxication, sleepiness and the first challenge

Computer Speech and Language
Engagement vs performance: using electronic portfolios to predict first semester engineering student retention

Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Learning Analytics And Knowledge
Explaining predictive models to learning specialists using personas

Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Learning Analytics And Knowledge
Imbalanced data classification using second-order cone programming support vector machines

Pattern Recognition
Weighted Online Sequential Extreme Learning Machine for Class Imbalance Learning

Neural Processing Letters
A Fast Multiclass Classification Algorithm Based on Cooperative Clustering

Neural Processing Letters
Enhanced and hierarchical structure algorithm for data imbalance problem in semantic extraction under massive video dataset

Multimedia Tools and Applications
GSVM: An SVM for handling imbalanced accuracy between classes inbi-classification problems

Applied Soft Computing
Incremental 3D reconstruction using Bayesian learning

Applied Intelligence
Prediction of human breast and colon cancers from imbalanced data using nearest neighbor and support vector machines

Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
Imbalanced evolving self-organizing learning

Neurocomputing
A novel non-functional matchmaking approach between fuzzy user queries and real world web services based on rough sets

Future Generation Computer Systems
Irrelevant attributes and imbalanced classes in multi-label text-categorization domains

Intelligent Data Analysis
IIvotes ensemble for imbalanced data

Intelligent Data Analysis - Combined Learning Methods and Mining Complex Data
Robust classification of imbalanced data using one-class and two-class SVM-based multiclassifiers

Intelligent Data Analysis - Business Analytics and Intelligent Optimization
Evaluation of a new hybrid algorithm for highly imbalanced classification problems

International Journal of Hybrid Intelligent Systems
A combined approach to tackle imbalanced data sets

International Journal of Hybrid Intelligent Systems
DConfusion: a technique to allow cross study performance evaluation of fault prediction studies

Automated Software Engineering

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Abstract

An approach to the construction of classifiers from imbalanced datasets is described. A dataset is imbalanced if the classification categories are not approximately equally represented. Often real-world data sets are predominately composed of "normal" examples with only a small percentage of "abnormal" or "interesting" examples. It is also the case that the cost of misclassifying an abnormal (interesting) example as a normal example is often much higher than the cost of the reverse error. Under-sampling of the majority (normal) class has been proposed as a good means of increasing the sensitivity of a classifier to the minority class. This paper shows that a combination of our method of oversampling the minority (abnormal)cla ss and under-sampling the majority (normal) class can achieve better classifier performance (in ROC space)tha n only under-sampling the majority class. This paper also shows that a combination of our method of over-sampling the minority class and under-sampling the majority class can achieve better classifier performance (in ROC space)t han varying the loss ratios in Ripper or class priors in Naive Bayes. Our method of over-sampling the minority class involves creating synthetic minority class examples. Experiments are performed using C4.5, Ripper and a Naive Bayes classifier. The method is evaluated using the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC)and the ROC convex hull strategy.