Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition Using Class Specific Linear Projection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
The FERET Evaluation Methodology for Face-Recognition Algorithms
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face Detection in Color Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Name-It: Naming and Detecting Faces in News Videos
IEEE MultiMedia
Principal Manifolds and Probabilistic Subspaces for Visual Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Limits on Super-Resolution and How to Break Them
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face recognition: A literature survey
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
The CMU Pose, Illumination, and Expression Database
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Distance measures for PCA-based face recognition
Pattern Recognition Letters
A Unified Framework for Subspace Face Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Evaluation of Face Resolution for Expression Analysis
CVPRW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (CVPRW'04) Volume 5 - Volume 05
Overview of the Face Recognition Grand Challenge
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 1 - Volume 01
Video-Based Face Recognition Evaluation in the CHIL Project - Run 1
FGR '06 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
A Detection Technique for Degraded Face Images
CVPR '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 2
Color Image Processing
On solving the face recognition problem with one training sample per subject
Pattern Recognition
Selection and Fusion of Color Models for Image Feature Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Optimization of color conversion for face recognition
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Face annotation for personal photos using context-assisted face recognition
MIR '08 Proceedings of the 1st ACM international conference on Multimedia information retrieval
Score normalization in multimodal biometric systems
Pattern Recognition
Selecting discriminant eigenfaces for face recognition
Pattern Recognition Letters
Confidence based gating of colour features for face authentication
MCS'07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Multiple classifier systems
Face recognition vendor test 2002 performance metrics
AVBPA'03 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Audio- and video-based biometric person authentication
Linear projection methods in face recognition under unconstrained illuminations: a comparative study
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
From still image to video-based face recognition: an experimental analysis
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
Face Annotation Using Transductive Kernel Fisher Discriminant
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
A face and palmprint recognition approach based on discriminant DCT feature extraction
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
BDPCA plus LDA: a novel fast feature extraction technique for face recognition
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
A Mosaicing Scheme for Pose-Invariant Face Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Eigenface-domain super-resolution for face recognition
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
An introduction to biometric recognition
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Ensemble-based discriminant learning with boosting for face recognition
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Face annotation for personal photos using collaborative face recognition in online social networks
DSP'09 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Digital Signal Processing
Image compression mismatch effect on color image based face recognition system
ICIP'09 Proceedings of the 16th IEEE international conference on Image processing
Contribution of non-scrambled chroma information in privacy-protected face images to privacy leakage
IWDW'11 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Digital-Forensics and Watermarking
A comparative study of color texture features for face analysis
CCIW'13 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Computational Color Imaging
Face verification using color sparse representation
IWDW'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Digital Forensics and Watermaking
Low-resolution face recognition: a review
The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics
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In many current face-recognition (FR) applications, such as video surveillance security and content annotation in a web environment, low-resolution faces are commonly encountered and negatively impact on reliable recognition performance. In particular, the recognition accuracy of current intensity-based FR systems can significantly drop off if the resolution of facial images is smaller than a certain level (e.g., less than 20 × 20 pixels). To cope with low-resolution faces, we demonstrate that facial color cue can significantly improve recognition performance compared with intensity-based features. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, a new metric called "variation ratio gain" (VRG) is proposed to prove theoretically the significance of color effect on low-resolution faces within well-known subspace FR frameworks; VRG quantitatively characterizes how color features affect the recognition performance with respect to changes in face resolution. Second, we conduct extensive performance evaluation studies to show the effectiveness of color on low-resolution faces. In particular, more than 3000 color facial images of 341 subjects, which are collected from three standard face databases, are used to perform the comparative studies of color effect on face resolutions to be possibly confronted in real-world FR systems. The effectiveness of color on low-resolution faces has successfully been tested on three representative subspace FR methods, including the eigenfaces, the fisherfaces, and the Bayesian. Experimental results show that color features decrease the recognition error rate by at least an order of magnitude over intensity-driven features when low-resolution faces (25 × 25 pixels or less) are applied to three FR methods.