SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Deformable curve and surface finite-elements for free-form shape design
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
ArtDefo: accurate real time deformable objects
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Real-Time Elastic Deformations of Soft Tissues for Surgery Simulation
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Interactively Deformable Models for Surgery Simulation
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Online Multiresolution Volumetric Mass Spring Model for Real Time Soft Tissue Deformation
MICCAI '02 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention-Part II
A Framework for Fast and Accurate Collision Detection for Haptic Interaction
VR '99 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality
Haptic Representation of Elastic Objects
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Efficient Point-Based Rendering Techniques for Haptic Display of Virtual Objects
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
A Virtual Environment Testbed for Training Laparoscopic Surgical Skills
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Modeling of tool-tissue interactions for computer-based surgical simulation: A literature review
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
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Simulation based medical training requires real time interactivity. While real time graphical display requires an update rate of 30Hz, real time force feedback requires a much higher update rate of 1kHz. The demand for extreme computational efficiency delimits the complexity of the computational models that can be used for simulation. In this paper we develop two specializations of a meshfree technique, the point collocation-based method of finite spheres (PCMFS), for real time simulation of soft tissues during minimally invasive surgery (MIS). Simulations using realistic three-dimensional geometries are presented and are compared with solutions using more traditional finite element methods in terms of speed and accuracy. The integration of the proposed schemes into a practical surgical simulation system is also discussed.