Massive arrays of idle disks for storage archives
Proceedings of the 2002 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing
DRPM: dynamic speed control for power management in server class disks
Proceedings of the 30th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Energy conservation techniques for disk array-based servers
Proceedings of the 18th annual international conference on Supercomputing
Reducing Energy Consumption of Disk Storage Using Power-Aware Cache Management
HPCA '04 Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture
Hibernator: helping disk arrays sleep through the winter
Proceedings of the twentieth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Energy efficient prefetching and caching
ATEC '04 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
PARAID: a gear-shifting power-aware RAID
FAST '07 Proceedings of the 5th USENIX conference on File and Storage Technologies
Write off-loading: practical power management for enterprise storage
FAST'08 Proceedings of the 6th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies
Storage modeling for power estimation
SYSTOR '09 Proceedings of SYSTOR 2009: The Israeli Experimental Systems Conference
Delivering energy proportionality with non energy-proportional systems: optimizing the ensemble
HotPower'08 Proceedings of the 2008 conference on Power aware computing and systems
Copy rate synchronization with performance guarantees for work consolidation in storage clusters
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
Power consumption in enterprise-scale backup storage systems
FAST'12 Proceedings of the 10th USENIX conference on File and Storage Technologies
Power-reduction techniques for data-center storage systems
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Thermal Modeling of Hybrid Storage Clusters
Journal of Signal Processing Systems
A three-phase energy-saving strategy for cloud storage systems
Journal of Systems and Software
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This paper highlights the growing importance of storage energy consumption in a typical data center, and asserts that storage energy research should drive towards a vision of energy proportionality for achieving significant energy savings. Our analysis of real-world enterprise workloads shows a potential energy reduction of 40-75% using an ideally proportional system. We then present a preliminary analysis of appropriate techniques to achieve proportionality, chosen to match both application requirements and workload characteristics. Based on the techniques we have identified, we believe that energy proportionality is achievable in storage systems at a time scale that will make sense in real world environments.