Physiological measures of presence in stressful virtual environments
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Perception of Human Motion With Different Geometric Models
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Perceptual metrics for character animation: sensitivity to errors in ballistic motion
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
Obscuring length changes during animated motion
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Computing the duration of motion transitions: an empirical approach
SCA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Capturing and animating skin deformation in human motion
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Smooth movers: perceptually guided human motion simulation
SCA '07 Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Human emotion and the uncanny valley: a GLM, MDS, and Isomap analysis of robot video ratings
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE international conference on Human robot interaction
Emotional response as a measure of human performance
CHI '08 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Eye-catching crowds: saliency based selective variation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
Too real for comfort? Uncanny responses to computer generated faces
Computers in Human Behavior
AAAI'05 Proceedings of the 20th national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 4
Bridging the uncanny: an impossible traverse?
Proceedings of the 13th International MindTrek Conference: Everyday Life in the Ubiquitous Era
Perceptually motivated guidelines for voice synchronization in film
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Perceptual evaluation of footskate cleanup
SCA '11 Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Sign language avatars: animation and comprehensibility
IVA'11 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent virtual agents
Push it real: perceiving causality in virtual interactions
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2012 Conference Proceedings
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2012 Conference Proceedings
Online behavior evaluation with the switching wizard of oz
IVA'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
The uncanny valley does not interfere with level 1 visual perspective taking
Computers in Human Behavior
Unpleasantness of animated characters corresponds to increased viewer attention to faces
Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Perception
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Virtual characters are much in demand for animated movies, games, and other applications. Rapid advances in performance capture and advanced rendering techniques have allowed the movie industry in particular to create characters that appear very human-like. However, with these new capabilities has come the realization that such characters are yet not quite “right.” One possible hypothesis is that these virtual humans fall into an “Uncanny Valley”, where the viewer's emotional response is repulsion or rejection, rather than the empathy or emotional engagement that their creators had hoped for. To explore these issues, we created three animated vignettes of an arguing couple with detailed motion for the face, eyes, hair, and body. In a set of perceptual experiments, we explore the relative importance of different anomalies using two different methods: a questionnaire to determine the emotional response to the full-length vignettes, with and without facial motion and audio; and a 2AFC (two alternative forced choice) task to compare the performance of a virtual “actor” in short clips (extracts from the vignettes) depicting a range of different facial and body anomalies. We found that the facial anomalies are particularly salient, even when very significant body animation anomalies are present.