A survey of stimulation methods used in SSVEP-based BCIs

Authors:
Danhua Zhu;Jordi Bieger;Gary Garcia Molina;Ronald M. Aarts
Affiliations:
Department of Signal Processing Systems, Techn. Univ. Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands and Dept. of Brain, Body & Behavior, Philips Research Eindhoven, The Netherlands and College of Biom ...;Department of Brain, Body & Behavior, Philips Research Eindhoven, Eindhoven,The Netherlands and Department of Artificial Intelligence, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;Department of Brain, Body & Behavior, Philips Research Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands;Department of Signal Processing Systems, Technical University Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands and Department of Brain, Body & Behavior, Philips Research Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherl ...
Venue:
Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience
Year:
2010

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Abstract

Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems based on the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) provide higher information throughput and require shorter training than BCI systems using other brain signals. To elicit an SSVEP, a repetitive visual stimulus (RVS) has to be presented to the user. The RVS can be rendered on a computer screen by alternating graphical patterns, or with external light sources able to emit modulated light. The properties of an RVS (e.g., frequency, color) depend on the rendering device and influence the SSVEP characteristics. This affects the BCI information throughput and the levels of user safety and comfort. Literature on SSVEP-based BCIs does not generally provide reasons for the selection of the used rendering devices or RVS properties. In this paper, we review the literature on SSVEP-based BCIs and comprehensively report on the different RVS choices in terms of rendering devices, properties, and their potential influence on BCI performance, user safety and comfort.