Designing for usability: key principles and what designers think
Communications of the ACM
Lead users: a source of novel product concepts
Management Science
Lead user analyses for the development of new industrial products
Management Science
A survey of user-centered design practice
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Contextual Design: Defining Customer-Centered Systems
Contextual Design: Defining Customer-Centered Systems
Design Research: Methods and Perspectives
Design Research: Methods and Perspectives
Understanding Your Users: A Practical Guide to User Requirements Methods, Tools, and Techniques
Understanding Your Users: A Practical Guide to User Requirements Methods, Tools, and Techniques
THE WAY I SEE IT: Filling much-needed holes
interactions - Toward a model of innovation
ON MODELING: An evolving map of design practice and design research
interactions - Designing games: why and how
Mental Models: Aligning Design Strategy with Human Behavior
Mental Models: Aligning Design Strategy with Human Behavior
Sketching User Experiences: Getting the Design Right and the Right Design
Sketching User Experiences: Getting the Design Right and the Right Design
Designers' perceptions of methods of involving and understanding users
UAHCI'07 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Universal access in human computer interaction: coping with diversity
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User-centered approaches to design can guide teams toward an understanding of users and aid teams in better posing design problems. This paper investigates the role of user-centered design approaches in design process and outcome within the context of design team projects. The value of interaction with users is examined at several stages throughout the design process. The influence of user-centered design on the performance of design teams is also explored. Results suggest that the quantity of interactions with users and time spent interacting with users alone is not linked with better design outcome, but that iterative evaluation of concepts by users may be of particular value to design prototypes. Suggestions are made based on the reflections from the authors after conducting this study.