The Sprite Network Operating System
Computer
A case for redundant arrays of inexpensive disks (RAID)
SIGMOD '88 Proceedings of the 1988 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Failure correction techniques for large disk arrays
ASPLOS III Proceedings of the third international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Performance consequences of parity placement in disk arrays
ASPLOS IV Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
The design and implementation of a log-structured file system
SOSP '91 Proceedings of the thirteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Redundant disk arrays: reliable, parallel secondary storage
Redundant disk arrays: reliable, parallel secondary storage
Parity declustering for continuous operation in redundant disk arrays
ASPLOS V Proceedings of the fifth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Designing disk arrays for high data reliability
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing - Special issue on parallel I/O systems
Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Data Engineering
VLDB '88 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
RAID: high-performance, reliable secondary storage
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Destage algorithms for disk arrays with non-volatile caches
ISCA '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Hot mirroring: a method of hiding parity update penalty and degradation during rebuilds for RAID5
SIGMOD '96 Proceedings of the 1996 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Destage Algorithms for Disk Arrays with Nonvolatile Caches
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Ordering disks for double erasure codes
Proceedings of the thirteenth annual ACM symposium on Parallel algorithms and architectures
Design and Performance Analysis of a Disk Array System
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Hot Block Clustering for Disk Arrays with Dynamic Striping
VLDB '95 Proceedings of the 21th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
Cluttered Orderings for the Complete Graph
COCOON '01 Proceedings of the 7th Annual International Conference on Computing and Combinatorics
Extending Heterogeneity to RAID Level 5
Proceedings of the General Track: 2002 USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Data partitioning and load balancing in parallel disk systems
The VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases
Redundant arrays of independent libraries (RAIL): a tertiary storage system
COMPCON '96 Proceedings of the 41st IEEE International Computer Conference
Simulation study of cached RAID5 designs
HPCA '95 Proceedings of the 1st IEEE Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture
Taking advantage of heterogeneity in disk arrays
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
Ladder orderings of pairs and RAID performance
Discrete Applied Mathematics - Optimal discrete structure and algorithms (ODSA 2000)
Configuring and Scheduling an Eager-Writing Disk Array for a Transaction Processing Workload
FAST '02 Proceedings of the 1st USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies
Awarded Best Paper! - Using MEMS-Based Storage in Disk Arrays
FAST '03 Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies
Reliability tradeoffs in personal storage systems
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
Journal-guided resynchronization for software RAID
FAST'05 Proceedings of the 4th conference on USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies - Volume 4
Sawmill: a high-bandwidth logging file system
USTC'94 Proceedings of the USENIX Summer 1994 Technical Conference on USENIX Summer 1994 Technical Conference - Volume 1
AFRAID: a frequently redundant array of independent disks
ATEC '96 Proceedings of the 1996 annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
RAID0.5: design and implementation of a low cost disk array data protection method
The Journal of Supercomputing
An I/O subsystem supporting mass storage functions in parallel systems
Computer Standards & Interfaces
Ladder orderings of pairs and RAID performance
Discrete Applied Mathematics
Configuring and scheduling an eager-writing disk array for a transaction processing workload
FAST'02 Proceedings of the 1st USENIX conference on File and storage technologies
Using MEMS-based storage in disk arrays
FAST'03 Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX conference on File and storage technologies
HPDA: A hybrid parity-based disk array for enhanced performance and reliability
ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS)
Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Interactions of NVM/FLASH with Operating Systems and Workloads
FAST'14 Proceedings of the 12th USENIX conference on File and Storage Technologies
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Parity encoded redundant disk arrays provide highly reliable, cost effective secondary storage with high performance for read accesses and large write accesses. Their performance on small writes, however, is much worse than mirrored disks—the traditional, highly reliable, but expensive organization for secondary storage. Unfortunately, small writes are a substantial portion of the I/O workload of many important, demanding applications such as on-line transaction processing. This paper presents parity logging, a novel solution to the small write problem for redundant disk arrays. Parity logging applies journalling techniques to substantially reduce the cost of small writes. We provide a detailed analysis of parity logging and competing schemes—mirroring, floating storage, and RAID level 5— and verify these models by simulation. Parity logging provides performance competitive with mirroring, the best of the alternative single failure tolerating disk array organizations. However, its overhead cost is close to the minimum offered by RAID level 5. Finally, parity logging can exploit data caching much more effectively than all three alternative approaches.