Real-time shaded NC milling display
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
NC milling error assessment and tool path correction
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Computer Vision: A Modern Approach
Computer Vision: A Modern Approach
Calibration-Free Augmented Reality in Perspective
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Recent Advances in Augmented Reality
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Augmented Reality Camera Tracking with Homographies
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Marker Tracking and HMD Calibration for a Video-Based Augmented Reality Conferencing System
IWAR '99 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE and ACM International Workshop on Augmented Reality
Real-Time and Markerless Vision-Based Tracking for Outdoor Augmented Reality Applications
ISAR '01 Proceedings of the IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Augmented Reality (ISAR'01)
Fully Automated and Stable Registration for Augmented Reality Applications
ISMAR '03 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
Robust Visual Tracking for Non-Instrumented Augmented Reality
ISMAR '03 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
Invisible Marker Tracking for AR
ISMAR '04 Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
Augmented reality with large 3D models on a PDA: implementation, performance and use experiences
VRCAI '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH international conference on Virtual Reality continuum and its applications in industry
The virtual interaction panel: an easy control tool in augmented reality systems: Research Articles
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds - Special Issue: The Very Best Papers from CASA 2004
ASTOR: An Autostereoscopic Optical See-through Augmented Reality System
ISMAR '05 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
Registration Using Natural Features for Augmented Reality Systems
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
A Volumetric Model-Based CNC Simulation and Monitoring System in Augmented Environments
CW '06 Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Cyberworlds
AR-assisted in situ machining simulation: architecture and implementation
VRCAI '08 Proceedings of The 7th ACM SIGGRAPH International Conference on Virtual-Reality Continuum and Its Applications in Industry
Parallel Tracking and Mapping for Small AR Workspaces
ISMAR '07 Proceedings of the 2007 6th IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
Semi-automatic Annotations in Unknown Environments
ISMAR '07 Proceedings of the 2007 6th IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
Real-time, dynamic level-of-detail management for three-axis NC milling simulation
Computer-Aided Design
Development of an AR system achieving in situ machining simulation on a 3-axis CNC machine
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds - VRCAI 08
Live three-dimensional content for augmented reality
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
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Computer numerical control (CNC) simulation systems based on 3D graphics have been well researched and developed for NC tool path verification and optimization. Although widely used in the manufacturing industries, these CNC simulation systems are usually software-centric rather than machine tool-centric. The user has to adjust himself from the 3D graphic environment to the real machining environment. Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that supplements a real world with virtual information, where virtual information is augmented on to real objects. This paper builds on previous works of integrating the AR technology with a CNC machining environment using tracking and registration methodologies, with an emphasis on in situ simulation. Specifically configured for a 3-axis CNC machine, a multi-regional computation scheme is proposed to render a cutting simulation between a real cutter and a virtual workpiece, which can be conducted in situ to provide the machinist with a familiar and comprehensive environment. A hybrid tracking method and an NC code-adaptive cutter registration method are proposed and validated with experimental results. The experiments conducted show that this in situ simulation system can enhance the operator's understanding and inspection of the machining process as the simulations are performed on real machines. The potential application of the proposed system is in training and machining simulation before performing actual machining operations.