Alternative interfaces for chat
Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Interaction and outeraction: instant messaging in action
CSCW '00 Proceedings of the 2000 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
When conventions collide: the tensions of instant messaging attributed
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The importance of coordination devices in text-based, task-oriented conversations
CHI '99 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Should we take turns?: a test of CMC turn-taking formats
CHI '00 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Metrics for text entry research: an evaluation of MSD and KSPC, and a new unified error metric
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Instant messages: a framework for reading between the lines
CSCW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Does spelling matter in instant messaging?: answers from measuring error correction frequency
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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Real-time, character-by-character transmission of messages in synchronous forms of text-based communications has seen a recent resurgence in CMC. We evaluated the impact of real-time text display on the usability of an instant messaging (IM) client. Participants were randomly assigned to dyads to participate in two discussion tasks using IM with both real-time text and enhanced message-by-message display (i.e., line-by-line display with additional cues to show when the remote party is typing). We found that real-time text helped users better coordinate turns and lead to less self-editing of messages, but had no overall influence on users' typing ability and provided minimal support for collaborative completion of sentences. Users who typed less or had less experience with IM tended to prefer real-time text. These findings have significance for several forms text-based CMC, including IM, chat, text telephony, and collaborative document editing.