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SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
High strain Lagrangian hydrodynamics: a three-dimensional SPH code for dynamic material response
Journal of Computational Physics
Simulating free surface flows with SPH
Journal of Computational Physics
Particle-based fluid simulation for interactive applications
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
A survey of surgical simulation: applications, technology, and education
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Serious Games: Games That Educate, Train, and Inform
Serious Games: Games That Educate, Train, and Inform
GPU Accelerated Surgical Simulators for Complex Morphology
VR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Conference 2005 on Virtual Reality
Distinguishing games and simulation games from simulators
Computers in Entertainment (CIE) - Theoretical and Practical Computer Applications in Entertainment
Fast Volume Preservation for a Mass-Spring System
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Learning Blood Management in Orthopedic Surgery through Gameplay
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Orthopedics surgery trainer with PPU-accelerated blood and tissue simulation
MICCAI'07 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine
Identification of Spring Parameters for Deformable Object Simulation
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
GPU-friendly gallbladder modeling in laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgical training system
Computers and Electrical Engineering
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We present our experience in fast prototyping of a series of important but computation-intensive functionalities in surgical simulators based on newly released PhysX-enabled GPU. We focus on soft tissue deformation and bleeding simulation, as they are essential but have previously been difficult to be rapidly prototyped. A multilayered soft tissue deformation model is implemented by extending the hardware-accelerated mass-spring system (MSS) in PhysX engine. To ensure accuracy, we configure spring parameters in an analytic way and integrate a fast volume preservation method to overcome the volume loss problem in MSS. Fast bleeding simulation with consideration of both patient behavior and mechanical dynamics is introduced. By making use of the PhysX built-in SPH-based fluid solver with careful assignment of parameters, realistic yet efficient bleeding effects can be achieved. Experimental results demonstrate that our approaches can achieve both interactive frame rates and convincing visual effects even when complex models are involved.