Situated information spaces and spatially aware palmtop computers
Communications of the ACM - Special issue on computer augmented environments: back to the real world
Tilting operations for small screen interfaces
Proceedings of the 9th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Squeeze me, hold me, tilt me! An exploration of manipulative user interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Peephole displays: pen interaction on spatially aware handheld computers
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Navigating on handheld displays: Dynamic versus static peephole navigation
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Dynamics of tilt-based browsing on mobile devices
CHI '07 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Map navigation with mobile devices: virtual versus physical movement with and without visual context
Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Sensing-based interaction for information navigation on handheld displays
Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices and services
Using “tilt” as an interface to control “no-button” 3-D mobile games
Computers in Entertainment (CIE) - SPECIAL ISSUE: Media Arts
Navigating VR Panoramas on Mobile Devices
IV '09 Proceedings of the 2009 13th International Conference Information Visualisation
Evaluating reading and analysis tasks on mobile devices: a case study of tilt and flick scrolling
OZCHI '09 Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the Australian Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group: Design: Open 24/7
Studying spatial memory and map navigation performance on projector phones with peephole interaction
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Dual-Finger 3D Interaction Techniques for mobile devices
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
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Virtual reality panoramic images are becoming increasingly popular on handheld devices, but navigating them remains a challenge due to small screen sizes. In this paper, we present a formal evaluation and usability studies comparing two interaction concepts. In the first one, the device is seen as a static peephole and the data is moved behind it via touch screen-based scrolling. In the second one, a mobile phone's sensors are used to create a dynamic peephole that can be moved over static content. In the results of our formal analysis sensor-based dynamic peephole navigation performed twice as good in an orientation task, 75% better in an object size discrimination task, and was preferred by 80% of the users. Despite these advantages, additional usability studies indicate that if they are sitting, a majority of users resort to touch screen-based static peephole navigation when interacting. Our results therefore demonstrate benefits of dynamic peephole navigation for virtual reality panoramas but also illustrate its limitations depending on the current context of the user.