Computer graphics: principles and practice (2nd ed.)
Computer graphics: principles and practice (2nd ed.)
The challenges of 3D interaction: a CHI '94 workshop
ACM SIGCHI Bulletin
Virtual reality on a WIM: interactive worlds in miniature
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The go-go interaction technique: non-linear mapping for direct manipulation in VR
Proceedings of the 9th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Aperture based selection for immersive virtual environments
Proceedings of the 9th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Proceedings of the 1997 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Image plane interaction techniques in 3D immersive environments
Proceedings of the 1997 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Exploring 3D navigation: combining speed-coupled flying with orbiting
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Why Not Make Interfaces Better than 3D Reality?
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
3D User Interfaces: Theory and Practice
3D User Interfaces: Theory and Practice
Precise selection techniques for multi-touch screens
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keepin' it real: pushing the desktop metaphor with physics, piles and the pen
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Virtual object manipulation using a mobile phone
Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Augmented tele-existence
Shallow-depth 3d interaction: design and evaluation of one-, two- and three-touch techniques
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Bringing physics to the surface
Proceedings of the 21st annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Navidget for immersive virtual environments
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Designing Gestural Interfaces: Touchscreens and Interactive Devices
Designing Gestural Interfaces: Touchscreens and Interactive Devices
GraspZoom: zooming and scrolling control model for single-handed mobile interaction
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services
A study of direct versus planned 3D camera manipulation on touch-based mobile phones
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services
A screen-space formulation for 2D and 3D direct manipulation
Proceedings of the 22nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Interactions in the air: adding further depth to interactive tabletops
Proceedings of the 22nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
3D positioning techniques for multi-touch displays
Proceedings of the 16th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology
Importance masks for revealing occluded objects in augmented reality
Proceedings of the 16th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology
Multi-touch techniques for exploring large-scale 3D astrophysical simulations
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Dynamic versus static peephole navigation of VR panoramas on handheld devices
Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia
tBox: a 3d transformation widget designed for touch-screens
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Integrality and Separability of Multitouch Interaction Techniques in 3D Manipulation Tasks
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
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Three-dimensional capabilities on mobile devices are increasing, and the interactivity is becoming a key feature of these tools. It is expected that users will actively engage with the 3D content, instead of being passive consumers. Because touch-screens provide a direct means of interaction with 3D content by directly touching and manipulating 3D graphical elements, touch-based interaction is a natural and appealing style of input for 3D applications. However, developing 3D interaction techniques for handheld devices using touch-screens is not a straightforward task. One issue is that when interacting with 3D objects, users occlude the object with their fingers. Furthermore, because the user's finger covers a large area of the screen, the smallest size of the object users can touch is limited. In this paper, we first inspect existing 3D interaction techniques based on their performance with handheld devices. Then, we present a set of precise Dual-Finger 3D Interaction Techniques for a small display. Finally, we present the results of an experimental study, where we evaluate the usability, performance, and error rate of the proposed and existing 3D interaction techniques.