User-derived impact analysis as a tool for usability engineering
CHI '86 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Prototyping an intelligent agent through Wizard of Oz
CHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Pilot studies: what, why, and how
Journal of Systems and Software
Better funding for government IT: views from the front line
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Intent Specifications: An Approach to Building Human-Centered Specifications
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Usability engineering: scenario-based development of human-computer interaction
Usability engineering: scenario-based development of human-computer interaction
Cognitive Work Analysis: Towards Safe, Productive, and Healthy Computer-Based Work
Cognitive Work Analysis: Towards Safe, Productive, and Healthy Computer-Based Work
A Practical Guide to Usability Testing
A Practical Guide to Usability Testing
Extreme Software Engineering A Hands-On Approach
Extreme Software Engineering A Hands-On Approach
Participatory It Design: Designing for Business and Workplace Realities
Participatory It Design: Designing for Business and Workplace Realities
Software Engineering (7th Edition)
Software Engineering (7th Edition)
Participatory design: the will to succeed
Proceedings of the 4th decennial conference on Critical computing: between sense and sensibility
Human-Machine Reconfigurations: Plans and Situated Actions
Human-Machine Reconfigurations: Plans and Situated Actions
Design for unanticipated use...
ECSCW'93 Proceedings of the third conference on European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
Proceedings of the ACM 2009 international conference on Supporting group work
Effect Managing It
Participative design and the challenges of large-scale systems: extending the iterative PD approach
Proceedings of the Tenth Anniversary Conference on Participatory Design 2008
Real-use evaluation of effects: emergency departments aiming for 'Warm Hands'
Proceedings of the 12th Participatory Design Conference: Exploratory Papers, Workshop Descriptions, Industry Cases - Volume 2
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We present effects-driven IT development as an instrument for pursuing and reinforcing Participatory Design (PD) when it is applied in commercial information technology (IT) projects. Effects-driven IT development supports the management of a sustained PD process throughout design and organizational implementation. The focus is on the effects to be achieved by users through their adoption and use of a system. The overall idea is to (a) specify the purpose of a system as effects that are both measurable and meaningful to the users, and (b) evaluate the absence or presence of these effects during real use of the system. Effects are formulated in a user-oriented terminology, and they can be evaluated and revised with users in an iterative and incremental systems-development process that involves pilot implementations. In this paper we investigate the design, pilot implementation, and effects assessment of an electronic patient record. Effects concerning, among other things, clinicians' mental workload were specified and measured, but apart from the planned changes associated with these effects the pilot implementation also gave rise to emergent, opportunity-based, and curtailed changes. We discuss our experiences regarding conditions for making the specification of effects and their real-use evaluation central activities in IT projects.