IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems - Special issue on low power electronics and design
Parameter variations and impact on circuits and microarchitecture
Proceedings of the 40th annual Design Automation Conference
Measurements and modeling of intrinsic fluctuations in MOSFET threshold voltage
ISLPED '05 Proceedings of the 2005 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Self Calibrating Circuit Design for Variation Tolerant VLSI Systems
IOLTS '05 Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International On-Line Testing Symposium
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Nanometer device scaling in subthreshold circuits
Proceedings of the 44th annual Design Automation Conference
On-Chip Process Variation Detection Using Slew-Rate Monitoring Circuit
VLSID '08 Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on VLSI Design
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Process optimization and yield enhancement techniques rely on physical sensors to provide them with feedback to perform accurate process-characterization across the die. The increased susceptibility of circuit performance characteristics to parameter variations in deep sub-micron technologies motivates the need for low-overhead (area/power) and high-sensitivity process monitoring circuits which can be used by compensation schemes to tune the process and meet frequency targets or power-budgets. To this end, we have proposed and implemented in 45nm CMOS-SOI, a novel, digital, on-chip process sensing circuit with a high sensitivity of 7.1V per volt variation in NMOS Vth, low power dissipation of 13.4¼W and a compact layout occupying 45.6¼2. The design is robust towards temperature variations and supply induced noise incurring an accuracy loss of 5mV (worst-case) and 4mV (1-Ã) respectively of the NMOS threshold-voltage.