The limits of expert performance using hierarchic marking menus
CHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Tilting operations for small screen interfaces
Proceedings of the 9th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
The influence of muscle groups on performance of multiple degree-of-freedom input
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Beyond Fitts' law: models for trajectory-based HCI tasks
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Performance differences in the fingers, wrist, and forearm in computer input control
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
The Rockin'Mouse: integral 3D manipulation on a plane
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
TiltType: accelerometer-supported text entry for very small devices
Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
TiltText: using tilt for text input to mobile phones
Proceedings of the 16th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Hover widgets: using the tracking state to extend the capabilities of pen-operated devices
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The tilt cursor: enhancing stimulus-response compatibility by providing 3d orientation cue of pen
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
An exploration of pen rolling for pen-based interaction
Proceedings of the 21st annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
An empirical evaluation of some articulatory and cognitive aspects of marking menus
Human-Computer Interaction
Fitts' law as a research and design tool in human-computer interaction
Human-Computer Interaction
An Empirical Comparison of Pen Pressure and Pen Tilt Input Techniques
ISPA '08 Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing with Applications
Tilt techniques: investigating the dexterity of wrist-based input
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Stylus enhancement to enrich interaction with computers
HCI'07 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Human-computer interaction: interaction platforms and techniques
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Recently, pen tilting has been explored in pen-based user interfaces and has shown potential to improve user interaction in various tasks (e.g., menu selection, modeless object manipulation). However, some basic questions concerning pen tilting behaviors, such as the ideal range, azimuth size, and direction of pen tilting, have not been thoroughly investigated. In this paper, we report our empirical studies on user performances in basic pen tilting tasks. First, we conducted a baseline study, which helps us to determine tilting directions, tilting ranges, and the thresholds that separate incidental pen tilting actions from intentional actions used for interaction. Based on the results from the baseline study, we designed an experiment to investigate user performances in goal tilting in different tilting ranges, azimuth sizes, and directions. Drawing on the results of our data analyses on task completion time, error rate, and pen tip movements, we discussed values of tilting parameters like titling range, minimal azimuth size, and tilting direction.