The virtual tricorder: a uniform interface for virtual reality
Proceedings of the 8th annual ACM symposium on User interface and software technology
Multimodal Menu Presentation and Selection in Immersive Virtual Environments
VR '00 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality 2000 Conference
Design and Evaluation of Menu Systems for Immersive Virtual Environments
VR '01 Proceedings of the Virtual Reality 2001 Conference (VR'01)
Evaluation of the Command and Control Cube
ICMI '02 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces
3D User Interfaces: Theory and Practice
3D User Interfaces: Theory and Practice
The Spin Menu: A Menu System for Virtual Environments
VR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Conference 2005 on Virtual Reality
Virtual Environments: Three-dimensional menus: A survey and taxonomy
Computers and Graphics
Tech-note: rapMenu: Remote Menu Selection Using Freehand Gestural Input
3DUI '08 Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces
An evaluation of menu properties and pointing techniques in a projection-based VR environment
3DUI '10 Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces
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The present study investigated the effect of menu orientation on user performance in a menu items' selection task in virtual environments. An ISO 9241-9-based multi-tapping task was used to evaluate subjects' performance. We focused on a local interaction task in a mixed reality context where the subject's hand directly interacted with 3D graphical menu items. We evaluated the pointing performance of subjects across three levels of inclination: a vertical menu, a 45°-tilted menu and a horizontal menu. Both quantitative data (movement time, errors) and qualitative data were collected in the evaluation. The results showed that a horizontal orientation of the menu resulted in decreased performance (in terms of movement time and error rate), as compared to the two other conditions. Post-hoc feedback from participants, using a questionnaire confirmed this difference. This research might contribute to guidelines for the design of 3D menus in a virtual environment.