Exploration and virtual camera control in virtual three dimensional environments
I3D '90 Proceedings of the 1990 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Virtual reality for palmtop computers
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Situated information spaces and spatially aware palmtop computers
Communications of the ACM - Special issue on computer augmented environments: back to the real world
HMDs, caves & chameleon: a human-centric analysis of interaction in virtual space
ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics
Sensing techniques for mobile interaction
UIST '00 Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Peephole displays: pen interaction on spatially aware handheld computers
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Rolling, rotating and imagining in a virtual mobile world
Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices & services
CAVE and Fishtank Virtual-Reality Displays: A Qualitative and Quantitative Comparison
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Navigating on handheld displays: Dynamic versus static peephole navigation
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Using “tilt” as an interface to control “no-button” 3-D mobile games
Computers in Entertainment (CIE) - SPECIAL ISSUE: Media Arts
Exploring the design of hybrid interfaces for augmented posters in public spaces
Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Making Sense Through Design
A set of interactions to rotate solids in 3D geometry context
CHI '13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
An experimentation environment for mobile 3D and virtual reality
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services
A scalable architecture for 3D map navigation on mobile devices
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
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Mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets offer great new possibilities for the creation of 3D games and virtual reality environments. However, interaction with objects in these virtual worlds is often difficult -- for example due to the devices' small form factor. In this paper, we define different 3D visualization concepts and evaluate related interactions such as navigation and selection of objects. Detailed experiments with a smartphone and a tablet illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of the various 3D visualization concepts. Our results provide new insight with respect to interaction and highlight important aspects for the design of interactive virtual environments on mobile devices and related applications -- especially for mobile 3D gaming.