Soft competitive adaptation: neural network learning algorithms based on fitting statistical mixtures
Automatic symbolic traffic scene analysis using belief networks
AAAI'94 Proceedings of the twelfth national conference on Artificial intelligence (vol. 2)
Compact Representations of Videos Through Dominant and Multiple Motion Estimation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
CVPR '96 Proceedings of the 1996 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR '96)
A finite mixtures algorithm for finding proportions in SAR images
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Fast Lighting Independent Background Subtraction
International Journal of Computer Vision - Special issue on a special section on visual surveillance
Learning Patterns of Activity Using Real-Time Tracking
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
ACM Transactions on Computational Logic (TOCL)
A Multimedia Data Mining Framework: Mining Information from Traffic Video Sequences
Journal of Intelligent Information Systems
Visual motion based behavior learning using hierarchical discriminant regression
Pattern Recognition Letters
Statistical background modeling for non-stationary camera
Pattern Recognition Letters
A Framework for High-Level Feedback to Adaptive, Per-Pixel, Mixture-of-Gaussian Background Models
ECCV '02 Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Computer Vision-Part III
Non-parametric Model for Background Subtraction
ECCV '00 Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Computer Vision-Part II
A Computational Logic Approach to Heterogenous Agent Systems
LPNMR '01 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning
Segmenting People in Meeting Videos Using Mixture Background and Object Models
PCM '02 Proceedings of the Third IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia: Advances in Multimedia Information Processing
Motion detection with nonstationary background
Machine Vision and Applications
Using Adaptive Tracking to Classify and Monitor Activities in a Site
CVPR '98 Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Detecting Moving Shadows: Algorithms and Evaluation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Generative Probabilistic Oriented Wavelet Model for Texture Segmentation
Neural Processing Letters
Multi-level background initialization using Hidden Markov Models
IWVS '03 First ACM SIGMM international workshop on Video surveillance
All together now: visualizing local and remote actors of localized activity
CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Multi-resolution background modeling of dynamic scenes using weighted match filters
Proceedings of the ACM 2nd international workshop on Video surveillance & sensor networks
The MPM-MAP algorithm for motion segmentation
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Pixels Classification for Moving Object Extraction
WACV-MOTION '05 Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Motion and Video Computing (WACV/MOTION'05) - Volume 2 - Volume 02
Effective Gaussian Mixture Learning for Video Background Subtraction
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Bayesian Modeling of Dynamic Scenes for Object Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Exemplar-based background model initialization
Proceedings of the third ACM international workshop on Video surveillance & sensor networks
Bayesian background modeling for foreground detection
Proceedings of the third ACM international workshop on Video surveillance & sensor networks
A Dynamic Conditional Random Field Model for Foreground and Shadow Segmentation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Traffic object detections and its action analysis
Pattern Recognition Letters
A Texture-Based Method for Modeling the Background and Detecting Moving Objects
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Robust Tracking Using Foreground-Background Texture Discrimination
International Journal of Computer Vision
Efficient adaptive density estimation per image pixel for the task of background subtraction
Pattern Recognition Letters
Moving vehicles segmentation based on Bayesian framework for Gaussian motion model
Pattern Recognition Letters
Unsupervised Selection of a Finite Dirichlet Mixture Model: An MML-Based Approach
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Human-centered multimedia: representations and challenges
Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Human-centered multimedia
A revaluation of frame difference in fast and robust motion detection
Proceedings of the 4th ACM international workshop on Video surveillance and sensor networks
Pre-Attentive and Attentive Detection of Humans in Wide-Field Scenes
International Journal of Computer Vision
Creating Walk-Through Images from a Video Sequence of a Dynamic Scene
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Robust background subtraction with foreground validation for urban traffic video
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Robust background subtraction with shadow and highlight removal for indoor surveillance
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Bayesian object extraction from uncalibrated image pairs
Image Communication
Anthropocentric video segmentation for lecture webcasts
Journal on Image and Video Processing - Anthropocentric Video Analysis: Tools and Applications
Background Subtraction Based on Local Orientation Histogram
APCHI '08 Proceedings of the 8th Asia-Pacific conference on Computer-Human Interaction
Motion Detection with Background Clutter Suppression Based on KDE Model
ICIC '08 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Intelligent Computing: Advanced Intelligent Computing Theories and Applications - with Aspects of Theoretical and Methodological Issues
Proceedings of the 2008 annual research conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists on IT research in developing countries: riding the wave of technology
Scene modeling and change detection in dynamic scenes: A subspace approach
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
WSEAS Transactions on Computers
Detection and segmentation of moving objects in complex scenes
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
A model for dynamic object segmentation with kernel density estimation based on gradient features
Image and Vision Computing
A novel robust background modeling algorithm for complex natural scenes
Proceedings of the first ACM/SIGEVO Summit on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation
Frame difference energy image for gait recognition with incomplete silhouettes
Pattern Recognition Letters
Learning complex background by multi-scale discriminative model
Pattern Recognition Letters
PCB inspection for missing or misaligned components using background subtraction
WSEAS Transactions on Information Science and Applications
A Robust Technique for Background Subtraction and Shadow Elimination in Traffic Video Sequence
IEA/AIE '09 Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Industrial, Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems: Next-Generation Applied Intelligence
An Abandoned Object Detection System Based on Dual Background Segmentation
AVSS '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Region-level motion-based foreground segmentation under a Bayesian network
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Learning a scene background model via classification
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Moving object detection using dynamic 2½D data for robot surrounding field monitoring
VIIP '07 The Seventh IASTED International Conference on Visualization, Imaging and Image Processing
Proceedings of the 3rd International Universal Communication Symposium
ISVC '09 Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Advances in Visual Computing: Part II
Flexible background mixture models for foreground segmentation
Image and Vision Computing
Moving object segmentation by background subtraction and temporal analysis
Image and Vision Computing
Active curve axis Gaussian mixture models
Pattern Recognition
A Bayesian network for foreground segmentation in region level
ACCV'07 Proceedings of the 8th Asian conference on Computer vision - Volume Part II
Identifying foreground from multiple images
ACCV'07 Proceedings of the 8th Asian conference on Computer vision - Volume Part II
Joint domain-range modeling of dynamic scenes with adaptive kernel bandwidth
ACIVS'07 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Advanced concepts for intelligent vision systems
Real-time subspace-based background modeling using multi-channel data
ISVC'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Advances in visual computing - Volume Part II
The SAFEE on-board threat detection system
ICVS'08 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Computer vision systems
A global probabilistic framework for the foreground, background and shadow classification task
ICIP'09 Proceedings of the 16th IEEE international conference on Image processing
Time-Delayed Correlation Analysis for Multi-Camera Activity Understanding
International Journal of Computer Vision
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Frontiers of Information Technology
Moving human detection and recognition in videos using adaptive method and support vector machine
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Frontiers of Information Technology
Intelligent activity detection techniques for advanced HD video surveillance systems
Sarnoff'10 Proceedings of the 33rd IEEE conference on Sarnoff
Light-weight salient foreground detection for embedded smart cameras
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Joint random field model for all-weather moving vehicle detection
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
PCM'10 Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Rim conference on Advances in multimedia information processing: Part I
Environmentally robust motion detection for video surveillance
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
A visual context-awareness-based sleeping-respiration measurement system
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine - Special section on affective and pervasive computing for healthcare
Visual attention based motion object detection and trajectory tracking
PCM'10 Proceedings of the Advances in multimedia information processing, and 11th Pacific Rim conference on Multimedia: Part II
Motion-based background subtraction using adaptive kernel density estimation
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
An unsupervised, online learning framework for moving object detection
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Novel region-based modeling for human detection within highly dynamic aquatic environment
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Abnormality detection using low-level co-occurring events
Pattern Recognition Letters
Histogram-based foreground object extraction for indoor and outdoor scenes
Proceedings of the Seventh Indian Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing
Learning spatio-temporal dependency of local patches for complex motion segmentation
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Background subtraction for automated multisensor surveillance: a comprehensive review
EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing - Special issue on advanced image processing for defense and security applications
Feature-based tracking approach for detection of moving vehicle in traffic videos
Proceedings of the First International Conference on Intelligent Interactive Technologies and Multimedia
Stochastic approximation for background modelling
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
iCrux: an artificially intelligent virtual screen technology
Proceedings of the International Conference & Workshop on Emerging Trends in Technology
Moving object detection method based on the cloud model and background subtraction
International Journal of Systems, Control and Communications
Segmentation and cell tracking of breast cancer cells
ISVC'11 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Advances in visual computing - Volume Part I
Adaptive foreground and shadow detection in image sequences
UAI'02 Proceedings of the Eighteenth conference on Uncertainty in artificial intelligence
Background subtraction framework based on local spatial distributions
ICIAR'06 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Image Analysis and Recognition - Volume Part I
Fusing color and texture features for background model
FSKD'06 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery
Foreground-to-Ghost discrimination in single-difference pre-processing
ACIVS'06 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Advanced Concepts For Intelligent Vision Systems
ICAPR'05 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis - Volume Part II
A study on an efficient sign recognition algorithm for a ubiquitous traffic system on DSP
ICCSA'05 Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Computational Science and its Applications - Volume Part I
A novel shadow detection algorithm for real time visual surveillance applications
ICIAR'06 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Image Analysis and Recognition - Volume Part II
A novel robust statistical method for background initialization and visual surveillance
ACCV'06 Proceedings of the 7th Asian conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part I
Region-Level motion-based foreground detection with shadow removal using MRFs
ACCV'06 Proceedings of the 7th Asian conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part I
EuroGP'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Applications of Evolutionary Computing
Gaussian mixture model in improved HLS color space for human silhouette extraction
ICAT'06 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Advances in Artificial Reality and Tele-Existence
ISVC'06 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Advances in Visual Computing - Volume Part I
2D shape measurement of multiple moving objects by GMM background modeling and optical flow
ICIAR'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Image Analysis and Recognition
Traffic video segmentation using adaptive-k gaussian mixture model
IWICPAS'06 Proceedings of the 2006 Advances in Machine Vision, Image Processing, and Pattern Analysis international conference on Intelligent Computing in Pattern Analysis/Synthesis
A novel adaptive gaussian mixture model for background subtraction
IbPRIA'05 Proceedings of the Second Iberian conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis - Volume Part I
Region-growing detection of moving objects in video sequences based on optical flow
Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis
Bayesian Formulation of Image Patch Matching Using Cross-correlation
Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision
Public Space Behavior Modeling With Video and Sensor Analytics
Bell Labs Technical Journal
Video saliency detection with robust temporal alignment and local-global spatial contrast
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval
Robust image processing for an omnidirectional camera-based smart car door
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Real-time robust background subtraction under rapidly changing illumination conditions
Image and Vision Computing
ECCV'12 Proceedings of the 12th European conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part V
Efficient background subtraction for real-time tracking in embedded camera networks
Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems
Journal of Signal Processing Systems
Efficient background subtraction under abrupt illumination variations
ACCV'12 Proceedings of the 11th Asian conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part I
A review of motion analysis methods for human Nonverbal Communication Computing
Image and Vision Computing
Steering kernel-based video moving objects detection with local background texture dictionaries
Computers and Electrical Engineering
Spatial codebook for robust background detection in visual information analysis
Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Internet Multimedia Computing and Service
Real-time background modeling based on a multi-level texture description
Information Sciences: an International Journal
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"Background subtraction" is an old technique for finding moving objects in a video sequence--for example, cars driving on a freeway. The idea is that subtracting the current image from a time-averaged background image will leave only nonstationary objects. It is, however, a crude approximation to the task of classifying each pixel of the current image; it fails with slow-moving objects and does not distinguish shadows from moving objects. The basic idea of this paper is that we can classify each pixel using a model of how that pixel looks when it is part of different classes. We learn a mixture-of-Gaussians classification model for each pixel using an unsupervised technique--an efficient, incremental version of EM. Unlike the standard image-averaging approach, this automatically updates the mixture component for each class according to likelihood of membership; hence slow-moving objects are handled perfectly. Our approach also identifies and eliminates shadows much more effectively than other techniques such as thresholding. Application of this method as part of the Roadwatch traffic surveillance project is expected to result in significant improvements in vehicle identification and tracking.