Merging virtual objects with the real world: seeing ultrasound imagery within the patient
SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Fast Analysis of Intracranial Aneurysms Based on Interactive Direct Volume Rendering and CTA
MICCAI '98 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention
MICCAI '02 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention-Part II
Stereo Augmented Reality in the Surgical Microscope
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
ISMAR '07 Proceedings of the 2007 6th IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
Interactive Focus and Context Visualization for Augmented Reality
ISMAR '07 Proceedings of the 2007 6th IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
Technical Section: Visual computing for medical diagnosis and treatment
Computers and Graphics
pq-space based non-photorealistic rendering for augmented reality
MICCAI'07 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention
DVV: towards a taxonomy for mixed reality visualization in image guided surgery
MIAR'10 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Medical imaging and augmented reality
Touch & detach: physics-based unbinding and observation of complex virtual objects in 3d space
CHI '12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Improving relative depth judgments in augmented reality with auxiliary augmentations
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Stereoscopic static depth perception of enclosed 3D objects
Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Perception
Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation
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The idea of in-situ visualization for surgical procedures has been widely discussed in the community [1,2,3,4]. While the tracking technology offers nowadays a sufficient accuracy and visualization devices have been developed that fit seamlessly into the operational workflow [1,3], one crucial problem remains, which has been discussed already in the first paper on medical augmented reality [4]. Even though the data is presented at the correct place, the physician often perceives the spatial position of the visualization to be closer or further because of virtual/real overlay. This paper describes and evaluates novel visualization techniques that are designed to overcome misleading depth perception of trivially superimposed virtual images on the real view. We have invited 20 surgeons to evaluate seven different visualization techniques using a head mounted display (HMD). The evaluation has been divided into two parts. In the first part, the depth perception of each kind of visualization is evaluated quantitatively. In the second part, the visualizations are evaluated qualitatively in regard to user friendliness and intuitiveness. This evaluation with a relevant number of surgeons using a state-of-the-art system is meant to guide future research and development on medical augmented reality.