Ensemble-level Power Management for Dense Blade Servers
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On evaluating request-distribution schemes for saving energy in server clusters
ISPASS '03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software
Mercury and freon: temperature emulation and management for server systems
Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Power provisioning for a warehouse-sized computer
Proceedings of the 34th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
VirtualPower: coordinated power management in virtualized enterprise systems
Proceedings of twenty-first ACM SIGOPS symposium on Operating systems principles
No "power" struggles: coordinated multi-level power management for the data center
Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Understanding and Designing New Server Architectures for Emerging Warehouse-Computing Environments
ISCA '08 Proceedings of the 35th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture
PowerNap: eliminating server idle power
Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Gordon: using flash memory to build fast, power-efficient clusters for data-intensive applications
Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Lifetime exergy consumption of an enterprise server
ISEE '08 Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment
Internet-scale service infrastructure efficiency
Proceedings of the 36th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Disaggregated memory for expansion and sharing in blade servers
Proceedings of the 36th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Carbon footprinting upstream supply chain for electronics manufacturing and computer services
ISSST '09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technology
Lifetime exergy consumption as a sustainability metric for information technologies
ISSST '09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technology
Cutting the electric bill for internet-scale systems
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2009 conference on Data communication
FAWN: a fast array of wimpy nodes
Proceedings of the ACM SIGOPS 22nd symposium on Operating systems principles
Joint optimization of idle and cooling power in data centers while maintaining response time
Proceedings of the fifteenth edition of ASPLOS on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Managing the cost, energy consumption, and carbon footprint of internet services
Proceedings of the ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Capping the brown energy consumption of Internet services at low cost
GREENCOMP '10 Proceedings of the International Conference on Green Computing
Quantifying the environmental advantages of large-scale computing
GREENCOMP '10 Proceedings of the International Conference on Green Computing
Characterizing and analyzing renewable energy driven data centers
Proceedings of the ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Power management of online data-intensive services
Proceedings of the 38th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Proceedings of the 38th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Benefits and limitations of tapping into stored energy for datacenters
Proceedings of the 38th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
SolarCore: Solar energy driven multi-core architecture power management
HPCA '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE 17th International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture
Proceedings of 2011 International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis
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The environmental impact of servers and datacenters is an important future challenge. System architects have traditionally focused on operational energy as a proxy for designing green servers, but this ignores important environmental implications from server production (materials, manufacturing, etc.). In contrast, this paper argues for a lifecycle focus on the environmental impact of future server designs, to include both operation and production. We present a new methodology to quantify the total environmental impact of system design decisions. Our approach uses the thermodynamic metric of exergy consumption, adapted and validated for use by system architects. Using this methodology, we evaluate the lifecycle impact of several example system designs with environment-friendly optimizations. Our results show that environmental impact from production can be important (around 20% on current servers and growing) and system design choices can reduce this component (by 30--40%). Our results also highlight several, sometimes unexpected, cross-interactions between the environmental impact of production and operation that further motivate a total lifecycle emphasis for future green server designs.