Graph-Based Algorithms for Boolean Function Manipulation
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Dynamic variable ordering for ordered binary decision diagrams
ICCAD '93 Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Adaptive variable reordering for symbolic model checking
Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Efficient variable ordering using aBDD based sampling
Proceedings of the 37th Annual Design Automation Conference
Symbolic Model Checking
Model Checking Large Software Specifications
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Border-Block Triangular Form and Conjunction Schedule in Image Computation
FMCAD '00 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design
CHARME '99 Proceedings of the 10th IFIP WG 10.5 Advanced Research Working Conference on Correct Hardware Design and Verification Methods
Towards an Integrated Model Checker for Railway Signalling Data
FME '02 Proceedings of the International Symposium of Formal Methods Europe on Formal Methods - Getting IT Right
NuSMV 2: An OpenSource Tool for Symbolic Model Checking
CAV '02 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification
Efficient Model Checking by Automated Ordering of Transition Relation Partitions
CAV '94 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification
Modelling large railway interlockings and model checking small ones
ACSC '03 Proceedings of the 26th Australasian computer science conference - Volume 16
The Compositional Far Side of Image Computation
Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Tool support for checking railway interlocking designs
SCS '05 Proceedings of the 10th Australian workshop on Safety critical systems and software - Volume 55
Introducing time in an industrial application of model-checking
FMICS'07 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Formal methods for industrial critical systems
Optimising ordering strategies for symbolic model checking of railway interlockings
ISoLA'12 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation: applications and case studies - Volume Part II
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The symbolic model checker NuSMV has been used to check safety properties for railway interlockings. When the size of the models increased, the model checking efficiency decreased dramatically to a point at which the verification failed due to lack of memory. At that point the models we could check were still small in the real world of railway interlockings. Various standard options to the NuSMV model checker were tried, mostly without significant improvement. However, the analysis of our model provided information on how to optimise the variable orderings and also the ordering and clustering of the partitioned transition relation. The NuSMV code was adapted to enable user control for ordering and clustering of transitions. This replacement of the tool's generic algorithm improved efficiency enormously, enabling the checking of safety properties for very large models. This paper discusses how the characteristics of our model are used to find the optimised parameters.