The “prince” technique: Fitts' law and selection using area cursors
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Making computers easier for older adults to use: area cursors and sticky icons
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Systematic output modification in a 2D user interface toolkit
Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
IBOTS: agent control through the user interface
IUI '99 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Implementing interface attachments based on surface representations
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A visual medium for programmatic control of interactive applications
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Manual and gaze input cascaded (MAGIC) pointing
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Programming by example: visual generalization in programming by example
Communications of the ACM
Acquisition of expanding targets
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Fluid annotations in an open world
Proceedings of the 12th ACM conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia
Multiple haptic targets for motion-impaired computer users
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Semantic pointing: improving target acquisition with control-display ratio adaptation
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Mouse ether: accelerating the acquisition of targets across multi-monitor displays
CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
WinCuts: manipulating arbitrary window regions for more effective use of screen space
CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Object pointing: a complement to bitmap pointing in GUIs
GI '04 Proceedings of the 2004 Graphics Interface Conference
ScreenCrayons: annotating anything
Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
The bubble cursor: enhancing target acquisition by dynamic resizing of the cursor's activation area
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Automation and customization of rendered web pages
Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
User interface façades: towards fully adaptable user interfaces
UIST '06 Proceedings of the 19th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
An evaluation of sticky and force enhanced targets in multi target situations
Proceedings of the 4th Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction: changing roles
Koala: capture, share, automate, personalize business processes on the web
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the 20th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Programming by a sample: rapidly creating web applications with d.mix
Proceedings of the 20th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Mobilization by demonstration: using traces to re-author existing web sites
Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Social accessibility: achieving accessibility through collaborative metadata authoring
Proceedings of the 10th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
PointAssist: helping four year olds point with ease
IDC '08 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Interaction design and children
End-user programming of mashups with vegemite
Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
DynaSpot: speed-dependent area cursor
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The angle mouse: target-agnostic dynamic gain adjustment based on angular deviation
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Ephemeral adaptation: the use of gradual onset to improve menu selection performance
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Sikuli: using GUI screenshots for search and automation
Proceedings of the 22nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Automatically identifying targets users interact with during real world tasks
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Prefab: implementing advanced behaviors using pixel-based reverse engineering of interface structure
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Enhanced area cursors: reducing fine pointing demands for people with motor impairments
UIST '10 Proceedings of the 23nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
UIMarks: quick graphical interaction with specific targets
UIST '10 Proceedings of the 23nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Content and hierarchy in pixel-based methods for reverse engineering interface structure
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
From the lab to the world: lessons from extending a pointing technique for real-world use
CHI '11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Cracking the cocoa nut: user interface programming at runtime
Proceedings of the 24th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Associating the visual representation of user interfaces with their internal structures and metadata
Proceedings of the 24th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Waken: reverse engineering usage information and interface structure from software videos
Proceedings of the 25th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Pixel-based reverse engineering of graphical interfaces
Proceedings of the adjunct publication of the 26th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Effects of Target Expansion on Selection Performance in Older Computer Users
ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS)
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We present a general-purpose implementation of a target aware pointing technique, functional across an entire desktop and independent of application implementations. Specifically, we implement Grossman and Balakrishnan's Bubble Cursor, the fastest general pointing facilitation technique in the literature. Our implementation obtains the necessary knowledge of interface targets using a combination of pixel-level analysis and social annotation. We discuss the most novel aspects of our implementation, including methods for interactive creation and correction of pixel-level prototypes of interface elements and methods for interactive annotation of how the cursor should select identified elements. We also report on limitations of the Bubble Cursor unearthed by examining our implementation in the complexity of real-world interfaces. We therefore contribute important progress toward real-world deployment of an important family of techniques and shed light on the gap between understanding techniques in controlled settings versus behavior with real-world interfaces.