Signals & systems (2nd ed.)
Bounded Model Checking Using Satisfiability Solving
Formal Methods in System Design
Fast, Accurate Static Analysis for Fixed-Point Finite-Precision Effects in DSP Designs
Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
On Using Floating-Point Computations to Help an Exact Linear Arithmetic Decision Procedure
CAV '09 Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computer Aided Verification
TACAS'08/ETAPS'08 Proceedings of the Theory and practice of software, 14th international conference on Tools and algorithms for the construction and analysis of systems
Optimization of imprecise circuits represented by Taylor series and real-valued polynomials
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Finite precision bit-width allocation using SAT-modulo theory
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
Static analysis of finite precision computations
VMCAI'11 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Verification, model checking, and abstract interpretation
Proceedings of the 16th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference
Compositional analysis of floating-point linear numerical filters
CAV'05 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Computer Aided Verification
Simulation-based word-length optimization method for fixed-pointdigital signal processing systems
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Accuracy-Guaranteed Bit-Width Optimization
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Holistic biquadratic IIR filter design for communication systems using differential evolution
Journal of Control Science and Engineering - Special issue on Hardware Implementation of Digital Signal Processing Algorithms
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Digital filters are simple yet ubiquitous components of a wide variety of digital processing and control systems. Errors in the filters can be catastrophic. Traditionally digital filters have been verified using methods from control theory and extensive testing. We study two alternative verification techniques: bit-precise analysis and real-valued error approximations. In this paper, we empirically evaluate several variants of these two fundamental approaches for verifying fixed-point implementations of digital filters. We design our comparison to reveal the best possible approach towards verifying real-world designs of infinite impulse response (IIR) digital filters. Our study reveals broader insights into cases where bit-reasoning is absolutely necessary and suggests efficient approaches using modern satisfiability-modulo-theories (SMT) solvers.