CHI '86 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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Communications of the ACM - Special issue on computer augmented environments: back to the real world
Alphanumeric entry on pen-based computers
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
The design of a GUI paradigm based on tablets, two-hands, and transparency
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Two-handed virtual manipulation
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Manual and cognitive benefits of two-handed input: an experimental study
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
The design and evaluation of a high-performance soft keyboard
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Dasher—a data entry interface using continuous gestures and language models
UIST '00 Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
DiamondTouch: a multi-user touch technology
Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
A character-level error analysis technique for evaluating text entry methods
Proceedings of the second Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction
Measuring errors in text entry tasks: an application of the Levenshtein string distance statistic
CHI '01 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Metrics for text entry research: an evaluation of MSD and KSPC, and a new unified error metric
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Phrase sets for evaluating text entry techniques
CHI '03 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Recent developments in text-entry error rate measurement
CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
TouchLight: an imaging touch screen and display for gesture-based interaction
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
An empirical study of typing rates on mini-QWERTY keyboards
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Low-cost multi-touch sensing through frustrated total internal reflection
Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Analyzing the input stream for character- level errors in unconstrained text entry evaluations
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Interlaced QWERTY: accommodating ease of visual search and input flexibility in shape writing
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Analysis of natural gestures for controlling robot teams on multi-touch tabletop surfaces
Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces
A novel brain-computer interface using a multi-touch surface
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Multi-touch techniques for exploring large-scale 3D astrophysical simulations
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Performance optimizations of virtual keyboards for stroke-based text entry on a touch-based tabletop
UIST '10 Proceedings of the 23nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Typing on flat glass: examining ten-finger expert typing patterns on touch surfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Magic desk: bringing multi-touch surfaces into desktop work
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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Multi-touch, which has been heralded as a revolution in human-computer interaction, provides features such as gestural interaction, tangible interfaces, pen-based computing, and interface customization-features embraced by an increasingly tech-savvy public. However, multi-touch platforms have not been adopted as ''everyday'' computer interaction devices that support important text entry intensive applications such as word processing and spreadsheets. In this paper, we present two studies that begin to explore user performance and experience with entering text using a multi-touch input. The first study establishes a benchmark for text entry performance on a multi-touch platform across input modes that compare uppercase-only to mixed-case, single-touch to multi-touch and copy to memorization tasks. The second study includes mouse style interaction for formatting rich text to simulate a word processing task using multi-touch input. As expected, our results show that users do not perform as well in terms of text entry efficiency and speed using a multi-touch interface as with a traditional keyboard. Not as expected was the result that degradation in performance was significantly less for memorization versus copy tasks, and consequently willingness to use multi-touch was substantially higher (50% versus 26%) in the former case. Our results, which include preferred input styles of participants, also provide a baseline for further research to explore techniques for improving text entry performance on multi-touch systems.