The design and evaluation of a high-performance soft keyboard
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Non-keyboard QWERTY touch typing: a portable input interface for the mobile user
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The metropolis keyboard - an exploration of quantitative techniques for virtual keyboard design
UIST '00 Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Effective eye-gaze input into Windows
ETRA '00 Proceedings of the 2000 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Movement model, hits distribution and learning in virtual keyboarding
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
On-line personalization of a touch screen based keyboard
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Measuring errors in text entry tasks: an application of the Levenshtein string distance statistic
CHI '01 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Shorthand writing on stylus keyboard
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
CHI '03 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Phrase sets for evaluating text entry techniques
CHI '03 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Language modeling for soft keyboards
Eighteenth national conference on Artificial intelligence
SHARK2: a large vocabulary shorthand writing system for pen-based computers
Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Relaxing stylus typing precision by geometric pattern matching
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Experiences with and Observations of Direct-Touch Tabletops
TABLETOP '06 Proceedings of the First IEEE International Workshop on Horizontal Interactive Human-Computer Systems
Analyzing the input stream for character- level errors in unconstrained text entry evaluations
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Relative keyboard input system
Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
SLAP widgets: bridging the gap between virtual and physical controls on tabletops
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
User-defined gestures for surface computing
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
BigKey: A Virtual Keyboard for Mobile Devices
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Part III: Ubiquitous and Intelligent Interaction
Augmenting interactive tables with mice & keyboards
Proceedings of the 22nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Distal tactile feedback for text entry on tabletop computers
Proceedings of the 23rd British HCI Group Annual Conference on People and Computers: Celebrating People and Technology
WeSearch: supporting collaborative search and sensemaking on a tabletop display
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Usability guided key-target resizing for soft keyboards
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
CATKey: customizable and adaptable touchscreen keyboard with bubble cursor-like visual feedback
INTERACT'07 Proceedings of the 11th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interaction
Eyes-free text entry with error correction on touchscreen mobile devices
Proceedings of the 6th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Extending Boundaries
The 1line keyboard: a QWERTY layout in a single line
Proceedings of the 24th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces
Personalized input: improving ten-finger touchscreen typing through automatic adaptation
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Biometric-rich gestures: a novel approach to authentication on multi-touch devices
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Designing and evaluating text entry methods
CHI '12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A masking study of key-click feedback signals on a virtual keyboard
EuroHaptics'12 Proceedings of the 2012 international conference on Haptics: perception, devices, mobility, and communication - Volume Part I
Establishing a baseline for text entry for a multi-touch virtual keyboard
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Touch behavior with different postures on soft smartphone keyboards
MobileHCI '12 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services
Proceedings of the 25th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
A personal touch: recognizing users based on touch screen behavior
Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Sensing Applications on Mobile Phones
Web on the wall: insights from a multimodal interaction elicitation study
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM international conference on Interactive tabletops and surfaces
Towards the keyboard of oz: learning individual soft-keyboard models from raw optical sensor data
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM international conference on Interactive tabletops and surfaces
TapBoard: making a touch screen keyboard more touchable
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Understanding performance of eyes-free, absolute position control on touchable mobile phones
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services
Collaborative smart virtual keyboard with word predicting function
HCI'13 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Human-Computer Interaction: interaction modalities and techniques - Volume Part IV
Effects of hand drift while typing on touchscreens
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2013
Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Intelligent User Interfaces
User identification using raw sensor data from typing on interactive displays
Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Intelligent User Interfaces
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Touch screen surfaces large enough for ten-finger input have become increasingly popular, yet typing on touch screens pales in comparison to physical keyboards. We examine typing patterns that emerge when expert users of physical keyboards touch-type on a flat surface. Our aim is to inform future designs of touch screen keyboards, with the ultimate goal of supporting touch-typing with limited tactile feedback. To study the issues inherent to flat-glass typing, we asked 20 expert typists to enter text under three conditions: (1) with no visual keyboard and no feedback on input errors, then (2) with and (3) without a visual keyboard, but with some feedback. We analyzed touch contact points and hand contours, looking at attributes such as natural finger positioning, the spread of hits among individual keys, and the pattern of non-finger touches. We also show that expert typists exhibit spatially consistent key press distributions within an individual, which provides evidence that eyes-free touch-typing may be possible on touch surfaces and points to the role of personalization in such a solution. We conclude with implications for design.