The design and evaluation of a high-performance soft keyboard
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Language modeling for soft keyboards
Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
On-line personalization of a touch screen based keyboard
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Shorthand writing on stylus keyboard
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Phrase sets for evaluating text entry techniques
CHI '03 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
SHARK2: a large vocabulary shorthand writing system for pen-based computers
Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Relaxing stylus typing precision by geometric pattern matching
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Analyzing the input stream for character- level errors in unconstrained text entry evaluations
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Word-based predictive text entry using adaptive language models
Natural Language Engineering
Revisiting and validating a model of two-thumb text entry
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Automatic whiteout++: correcting mini-QWERTY typing errors using keypress timing
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Investigating the effectiveness of tactile feedback for mobile touchscreens
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The performance of hand postures in front- and back-of-device interaction for mobile computing
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Improved word list ordering for text entry on ambiguous keypads
Proceedings of the 5th Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction: building bridges
The performance of touch screen soft buttons
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Empirical evaluation for finger input properties in multi-touch interaction
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Usability guided key-target resizing for soft keyboards
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Typing on flat glass: examining ten-finger expert typing patterns on touch surfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Sampling representative phrase sets for text entry experiments: a procedure and public resource
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Text text revolution: a game that improves text entry on mobile touchscreen keyboards
Pervasive'11 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Pervasive computing
100,000,000 taps: analysis and improvement of touch performance in the large
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services
Smart phone use by non-mobile business users
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services
Performance comparisons of phrase sets and presentation styles for text entry evaluations
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM international conference on Intelligent User Interfaces
GripSense: using built-in sensors to detect hand posture and pressure on commodity mobile phones
Proceedings of the 25th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Adaptable probabilistic flick keyboard based on HMMs
Proceedings of the companion publication of the 2013 international conference on Intelligent user interfaces companion
FFitts law: modeling finger touch with fitts' law
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Measuring touch bias of one thumb posture on direct touch-based mobile devices
CHI '13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Octopus: evaluating touchscreen keyboard correction and recognition algorithms via
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
ContextType: using hand posture information to improve mobile touch screen text entry
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Understanding performance of eyes-free, absolute position control on touchable mobile phones
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services
Sparse selection of training data for touch correction systems
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services
Touch & activate: adding interactivity to existing objects using active acoustic sensing
Proceedings of the 26th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Bayesian touch: a statistical criterion of target selection with finger touch
Proceedings of the 26th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Intelligent User Interfaces
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Text entry on smartphones is far slower and more error-prone than on traditional desktop keyboards, despite sophisticated detection and auto-correct algorithms. To strengthen the empirical and modeling foundation of smartphone text input improvements, we explore touch behavior on soft QWERTY keyboards when used with two thumbs, an index finger, and one thumb. We collected text entry data from 32 participants in a lab study and describe touch accuracy and precision for different keys. We found that distinct patterns exist for input among the three hand postures, suggesting that keyboards should adapt to different postures. We also discovered that participants' touch precision was relatively high given typical key dimensions, but there were pronounced and consistent touch offsets that can be leveraged by keyboard algorithms to correct errors. We identify patterns in our empirical findings and discuss implications for design and improvements of soft keyboards.