An empirical comparison of pie vs. linear menus
CHI '88 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The limits of expert performance using hierarchic marking menus
CHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
User learning and performance with marking menus
CHI '94 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
T-Cube: a fast, self-disclosing pen-based alphabet
CHI '94 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Some design refinements and principles on the appearance and behavior of marking menus
Proceedings of the 8th annual ACM symposium on User interface and software technology
Quikwriting: continuous stylus-based text entry
Proceedings of the 11th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
The design and evaluation of a high-performance soft keyboard
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The Hotbox: efficient access to a large number of menu-items
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The metropolis keyboard - an exploration of quantitative techniques for virtual keyboard design
UIST '00 Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
FlowMenu: combining command, text, and data entry
UIST '00 Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Chinese input with keyboard and eye-tracking: an anatomical study
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Movement model, hits distribution and learning in virtual keyboarding
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Shorthand writing on stylus keyboard
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Multi-finger and whole hand gestural interaction techniques for multi-user tabletop displays
Proceedings of the 16th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Performance of menu-augmented soft keyboards
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
AVI '08 Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
RotaTxt: Chinese pinyin input with a rotator
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices and services
Immediate user performances with touch Chinese text entry solutions on handheld devices
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services
Quasi-qwerty soft keyboard optimization
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Predicting Chinese text entry speeds on mobile phones
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Gathering text entry metrics on android devices
CHI '11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Two-handed marking menus for multitouch devices
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
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Soft keyboard for Chinese pinyin input methods are rarely studied although it is one of the default methods on devices with touch screens. Via an analysis of the digraph frequency of the pinyin system, we discovered a unique characteristic of the pinyin system: only 10 Roman letters are needed for the subsequent characters in a pinyin syllable after the leading letter. Making use of this feature and existing knowledge on layout optimization of soft keyboard, pie menu and ShapeWriter, we designed a pie menu augmented keyboard. We conducted a user study to compare user performance to test if the pie menu can help to increase user performance with a working prototype. We found that after about 2 hours' use of the pie menu augmented quasi-QWERTY keyboard, users can reach a speed of 25 Chinese characters per minute with slightly lower error rate. Moreover, users can well remember the layout of the pie menu after about two hours' use of it.