Marching cubes: A high resolution 3D surface construction algorithm
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Display of Surfaces from Volume Data
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Illumination and color in computer generated imagery
Illumination and color in computer generated imagery
Computer graphics: principles and practice (2nd ed.)
Computer graphics: principles and practice (2nd ed.)
An introduction to ray tracing
An introduction to ray tracing
Footprint evaluation for volume rendering
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
VVS '94 Proceedings of the 1994 symposium on Volume visualization
A comparison of normal estimation schemes
VIS '97 Proceedings of the 8th conference on Visualization '97
A Generalization of Algebraic Surface Drawing
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
An improved illumination model for shaded display
Communications of the ACM
Pen-and-Ink rendering in volume visualisation
Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '00
A rendering algorithm for visualizing 3D scalar fields
SIGGRAPH '88 Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Volume Graphics
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Computer
Transparency for computer synthesized images
SIGGRAPH '79 Proceedings of the 6th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
VG'01 Proceedings of the 2001 Eurographics conference on Volume Graphics
Lighting Transfer Functions Using Gradient Aligned Sampling
VIS '04 Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '04
Graphical Models - Special issue on the vision, video and graphics conference 2005
Spline-based gradient filters for high-quality refraction computations in discrete datasets
EUROVIS'05 Proceedings of the Seventh Joint Eurographics / IEEE VGTC conference on Visualization
VG'01 Proceedings of the 2001 Eurographics conference on Volume Graphics
Accelerated, high-quality refraction computations for volume graphics
VG'05 Proceedings of the Fourth Eurographics / IEEE VGTC conference on Volume Graphics
A simple and flexible volume rendering framework for graphics-hardware-based raycasting
VG'05 Proceedings of the Fourth Eurographics / IEEE VGTC conference on Volume Graphics
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Refraction is an important graphics feature for synthesizing photorealistic images. This paper presents a study on refraction rendering in volume graphics using discrete ray tracing. We describe four basic approaches for determining the relative refractive index at each sampling position, and examine their relative merits.We discuss two types of anomalies associated with some approaches and three different mechanisms for controlling sampling intervals. We apply the refraction rendering to objects with uniform as well as non-uniform optical density, and objects built upon mathematical scalar fields as well as volumetric datasets. In particular, the study shows that the normal estimation plays a critical role in synthesizing aesthetically pleasing images. The paper also includes the results of various tests, and our quantitative and qualitative analysis.