DiamondTouch: a multi-user touch technology
Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
VR '00 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality 2000 Conference
DiamondSpin: an extensible toolkit for around-the-table interaction
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Beyond "social protocols": multi-user coordination policies for co-located groupware
CSCW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Cooperative gestures: multi-user gestural interactions for co-located groupware
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
ThinSight: versatile multi-touch sensing for thin form-factor displays
Proceedings of the 20th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Enhancing Multi-user Interaction with Multi-touch Tabletop Displays Using Hand Tracking
ACHI '08 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Advances in Computer-Human Interaction
Shadow tracking on multi-touch tables
AVI '08 Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
Linear Time Maximally Stable Extremal Regions
ECCV '08 Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Computer Vision: Part II
BiDi screen: a thin, depth-sensing LCD for 3D interaction using light fields
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2009 papers
Detecting and leveraging finger orientation for interaction with direct-touch surfaces
Proceedings of the 22nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Interactions in the air: adding further depth to interactive tabletops
Proceedings of the 22nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Hand distinction for multi-touch tabletop interaction
Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces
The IR ring: authenticating users' touches on a multi-touch display
UIST '10 Proceedings of the 23nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Using a depth camera as a touch sensor
ACM International Conference on Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces
Multitouch finger registration and its applications
Proceedings of the 22nd Conference of the Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group of Australia on Computer-Human Interaction
Left and right hand distinction for multi-touch displays
SG'11 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Smart graphics
INTERACT'11 Proceedings of the 13th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interaction - Volume Part III
Medusa: a proximity-aware multi-touch tabletop
Proceedings of the 24th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
KinectFusion: real-time 3D reconstruction and interaction using a moving depth camera
Proceedings of the 24th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Adaptive personal territories for co-located tabletop interaction in a museum setting
Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces
Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces
Touché: enhancing touch interaction on humans, screens, liquids, and everyday objects
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
ZeroTouch: an optical multi-touch and free-air interaction architecture
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
MTi: A method for user identification for multitouch displays
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Left and right hand distinction for multi-touch tabletop interactions
Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Intelligent User Interfaces
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We propose a new approach for touch detection on optical multi-touch devices that exploits the fact that the camera images reveal not only the actual touch points, but also objects above the screen such as the hand or arm of a user. Our touch processing relies on the Maximally Stable Extremal Regions algorithm for finding the users' fingertips in the camera image. The hierarchical structure of the generated extremal regions serves as a starting point for agglomerative clustering of the fingertips into hands. Furthermore, we suggest a heuristic supporting the identification of individual fingers as well as the distinction between left hands and right hands if all five fingers of a hand are in contact with the touch surface. Our evaluation confirmed that the system is robust against detection errors resulting from non-uniform illumination and reliably assigns touch points to individual hands based on the implicitly tracked context information. The efficient multithreaded implementation handles two-handed input from multiple users in real-time.