Values, personal information privacy, and regulatory approaches
Communications of the ACM
Information Privacy: Corporate Management and National Regulation
Organization Science
An Empirical Examination of the Concern for Information Privacy Instrument
Information Systems Research
Internet Users' Information Privacy Concerns (IUIPC): The Construct, the Scale, and a Causal Model
Information Systems Research
Privacy in e-commerce: stated preferences vs. actual behavior
Communications of the ACM - Transforming China
Beyond concern: a privacy-trust-behavioral intention model of electronic commerce
Information and Management
Development of measures of online privacy concern and protection for use on the Internet
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Privacy Protection in Data Mining: A Perturbation Approach for Categorical Data
Information Systems Research
An Extended Privacy Calculus Model for E-Commerce Transactions
Information Systems Research
Online privacy control via anonymity and pseudonym: Cross-cultural implications
Behaviour & Information Technology
Overcoming Online Information Privacy Concerns: An Information-Processing Theory Approach
Journal of Management Information Systems
An examination of the concern for information privacy in the New Zealand regulatory context
Information and Management
Aligning principal and agent's incentives: A principal-agent perspective of social networking sites
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Hi-index | 0.00 |
Internet privacy concerns (IPC) is an area of study that is receiving increased attention due to the huge amount of personal information being gathered, stored, transmitted, and published on the Internet. While there is an emerging literature on IPC, there is limited agreement about its conceptualization in terms of its key dimensions and its factor structure. Based on the multidimensional developmental theory and a review of the prior literature, we identify alternative conceptualizations of IPC. We examine the various conceptualizations of IPC with four online surveys involving nearly 4,000 Internet users. As a baseline, study 1 compares the integrated conceptualization of IPC to two existing conceptualizations in the literature. While the results provide support for the integrated conceptualization, the second-order factor model does not outperform the correlated first-order factor model. Study 2 replicates the study on a different sample and confirms the results of study 1. We also investigate whether the prior results are affected by the different perspectives adopted in the wording of items in the original instruments. In study 3, we find that focusing on one's concern for website behavior (rather than one's expectation of website behavior) and adopting a consistent perspective in the wording of the items help to improve the validity of the factor structure. We then examine the hypothesized third-order conceptualizations of IPC through a number of alternative higher-order models. The empirical results confirm that, in general, the third-order conceptualizations of IPC outperform their lower-order alternatives. In addition, the conceptualization of IPC that has the best fit with the data contains a third-order general IPC factor, two second-order factors of interaction management and information management, and six first-order factors (i.e., collection, secondary usage, errors, improper access, control, and awareness). Study 4 cross-validates the results with another data set and examines IPC within the context of a nomological network. The results confirm that the third-order conceptualization of IPC has nomological validity, and it is a significant determinant of both trusting beliefs and risk beliefs. Our research helps to resolve inconsistencies in the key underlying dimensions of IPC, the factor structure of IPC, and the wording of the original items in prior instruments of IPC. Finally, we discuss the implications of this research.