The Perception and Cognition of Environmental Distance: Direct Sources of Information
COSIT '97 Proceedings of the International Conference on Spatial Information Theory: A Theoretical Basis for GIS
The effects of head-mounted display mechanics on distance judgments in virtual environments
APGV '04 Proceedings of the 1st Symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization
Distance perception in real and virtual environments
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Distance Perception and the Visual Horizon in Head-Mounted Displays
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Display size does not affect egocentric distance perception of naturalistic stimuli
Proceedings of the 6th Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization
Judgment of natural perspective projections in head-mounted display environments
Proceedings of the 16th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization
Stereo Viewing and Virtual Reality Technologies in Mobile Robot Teleguide
IEEE Transactions on Robotics
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Evaluating user performance in 3D stereo and motion enabled video games
Proceedings of the International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games
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Stereoscopic displays can simulate the perception of depth information, potentially increasing human distance perception in remote viewing scenarios such as those involved in robotic tele-operation. However, distance perception is a complex perceptual task that is not yet fully understood. Two current research issues are how different stereoscopic displays and viewing heights affect egocentric distance perception. This paper describes an experiment conducted to investigate these issues. It compared distance perception in a real environment with that in identical visual scenes observed through an HMD and 3D Stereo Display. Other parameters, notably field of view, were tightly controlled. Motivated by fact that many tele-operation scenarios involve near ground viewing positions (due to the fact that many robots are small), the study also explored the impact of viewing height (at 20 cm and 110 cm) on distance perception. Results indicated substantial under-estimation of distance across all conditions. Interesting, low eye-height led to a significant reduction in the level of underestimation in the HMD and 3D Stereo Display, a variation that may be due to changes in the perceived height of the horizon in the real world 20 cm viewing height condition, compared to the fixed height of the perceived horizon in the videos shown on the HMD and 3D Stereo Display.