How do you manage your contacts if you can't read or write?
interactions - Waits & Measures
Optimal audio-visual representations for illiterate users of computers
Proceedings of the 16th international conference on World Wide Web
Text-free user interfaces for illiterate and semiliterate users
Information Technologies and International Development
Rangoli: a visual phonebook for low-literate users
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices and services
A comparison of mobile money-transfer UIs for non-literate and semi-literate users
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Avaaj Otalo: a field study of an interactive voice forum for small farmers in rural India
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Intermediated technology use in developing communities
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Speech vs. touch-tone: telephony interfaces for information access by low literate users
ICTD'09 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Information and communication technologies and development
Things fall apart: maintenance, repair, and technology for education initiatives in rural Namibia
Proceedings of the 2011 iConference
Designing mobile interfaces for novice and low-literacy users
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Repair worlds: maintenance, repair, and ICT for development in rural Namibia
Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Getting in touch with text: designing a mobile phone application for illiterate users to harness SMS
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Symposium on Computing for Development
The mobile media actor-network in urban India
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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Making technology accessible to low literate users and communities is an important challenge of ICTD research and practice. Past work in the field has addressed the problem of effective UI (User Interface) design under low literacy conditions, exploring graphic or audio alternatives to text-centered interfaces on the basis of studies that take individual users and user-interface interactions as their central unit of analysis. Our study complements this work through an alternative 'ecological' model, in which literacy-based barriers to technology use are encountered not by individual users but embedded social actors who draw on external networks, resources, and infrastructures to manage the problems that literacy poses. Based on a six month ethnographic study of mobile phone use within a low-literate rickshawpuller community in Dhaka, Bangladesh, we explore the literacy-based barriers to use experienced by our study population, and the external networks and connections that users draw on to work around such barriers. We conclude with design and wider research recommendations that may expand the toolkit of researchers seeking to better address these and other ICTD problems.