An experimental multi-media bridging system
COCS '88 Proceedings of the ACM SIGOIS and IEEECS TC-OA 1988 conference on Office information systems
Media spaces: bringing people together in a video, audio, and computing environment
Communications of the ACM
Co-Constructing Non-Mutual Realities: Delay-Generated Trouble in Distributed Interaction
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Videoconferencing: Recent Experiments and Reassessment
HICSS '05 Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'05) - Track 4 - Volume 04
Testing the technology: playing games with video conferencing
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Remote conversations: the effects of mediating talk with technology
Human-Computer Interaction
Home video communication: mediating 'closeness'
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Making love in the network closet: the benefits and work of family videochat
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Measurement study of multi-party video conferencing
NETWORKING'10 Proceedings of the 9th IFIP TC 6 international conference on Networking
Improving video-mediated communication with orchestration
Computers in Human Behavior
Enabling 'togetherness' in high-quality domestic video
Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Video telephony for end-consumers: measurement study of Google+, iChat, and Skype
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM conference on Internet measurement conference
User-centric video delay measurements
Proceeding of the 23rd ACM Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video
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With the growing popularity of video communication systems, more people are using group video chat, rather than only one-to-one video calls. In such multi-party sessions, remote participants compete for the available screen space and bandwidth. A common solution is showing the current speaker prominently. Bandwidth limitations may not allow all streams to be sent at a high resolution at all times, especially with many participants in a call. This can be mitigated by only switching on higher resolutions when they are required. This switching encounters delays due to latency and the properties of encoded video streams. In this paper, we analyse and improve the switching delay of our video conferencing system. Our server-centric system offers a next-generation video chat solution, providing end-to-end video encoding. To evaluate our system we use a testbed that allows us to emulate different network conditions. We measure the video switching delay between three clients, each connected via different network profiles. Our results show that missing Intra-Frames in the transmission has a strong influence on the switching delay. Based on this, we provide an optimization mechanism that improves those delays by resending Intra-Frames.