Image rendering by adaptive refinement
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Skitters and jacks: interactive 3D positioning tools
I3D '86 Proceedings of the 1986 workshop on Interactive 3D graphics
Juno, a constraint-based graphics system
SIGGRAPH '85 Proceedings of the 12th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The keystroke-level model for user performance time with interactive systems
Communications of the ACM
Communications of the ACM
Lighting controls for synthetic images
SIGGRAPH '83 Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Artificial texturing: An aid to surface visualization
SIGGRAPH '83 Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Graphical style towards high quality illustrations
SIGGRAPH '83 Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Topologically reliable display of algebraic curves
SIGGRAPH '83 Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
An application of color graphics to the display of surface curvature
SIGGRAPH '81 Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '79 Proceedings of the 6th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The Cutplane: a tool for interactive solid modeling
ACM SIGCHI Bulletin
JACK: a toolkit for manipulating articulated figures
UIST '88 Proceedings of the 1st annual ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on User Interface Software
Creating solid models from single 2D sketches
SMA '95 Proceedings of the third ACM symposium on Solid modeling and applications
Skitters and jacks: interactive 3D positioning tools
I3D '86 Proceedings of the 1986 workshop on Interactive 3D graphics
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One of the biggest obstacles to the wider adoption of geometric modelling systems for three-dimensional objects is the relatively poor state of user interfaces. In geometric design, two forms of interface are required: one which permits rapid evaluation of the three-dimensional nature of an object and its relationship with other objects, and one which permits precise positioning and shaping of an object. Many systems provide one or the other but fail to provide both. The paper will address issues relating to both forms of interface, particularly in the context of current display technology.We first evaluate the pro's and con's of various attempts at true three-dimensional interaction before concentrating on the use of conventional displays for three-dimensional design. Issues of concern are speed of interaction, the precision and predictability of the interface, the information required to convey meaningful three-dimensional data, and the fidelity of the image to the stored geometric model.The paper discusses work in the Computational Geometry Project, University of East Anglia, aimed at improving user interfaces and in particular considers two systems for the design of mechanical objects. One implements a pseudo-English language for describing assemblies of three-dimensional primitives with the ability to describe and maintain constraints between these primitives in a natural way. The second system takes the user's isometric wire-frame sketch and attempts to generate, using user intervention where automatic means fail, a winged-edge data structure modelling the three-dimensional object. Both these systems rely to an extent on the concept of constraints and the paper concludes with the re-examination of the rôle of constraint based systems in computer-aided geometric design.